CAJ | 학술논문

小型哺乳动物能够通过行为策略的进化适应周围的环境.其中,种内社会组织也可随环境参数的变化而变化.河南灵宝程村气候干燥、海拔高,而新郑则气候湿润、海拔低.来自河南灵宝程村的棕色田鼠种群和来自新郑的种群是否在社会行为、情绪、以及性二型上有所差别,目前还不清楚.本研究中,我们通过旷场实验和熟悉选择试验比较了两个种群的情绪、运动能力以及对熟悉鼠和陌生鼠的选择.统计结果表明,程村种群的雌性个体比雄性个体重,而新郑种群的雄性体重比程村种群的重.在旷场实验中,程村种群比新郑种群表现出较多的焦虑样行为.配偶选择实验中,新郑种群不论雌雄都表现出了对陌生异性的喜好.程村种群雄性则更愿意选择熟悉的个体.而且,程村的雌性待在陌生箱攻击陌生鼠的时间远大于熟悉鼠.以上结果表明,两个野生种群在体重、情绪以及对熟悉鼠和陌生鼠选择上都表现出了明显的种群间差异.
소형포유동물능구통과행위책략적진화괄응주위적배경.기중,충내사회조직야가수배경삼수적변화이변화.하남령보정촌기후간조、해발고,이신정칙기후습윤、해발저.래자하남령보정촌적종색전서충군화래자신정적충군시부재사회행위、정서、이급성이형상유소차별,목전환불청초.본연구중,아문통과광장실험화숙실선택시험비교료량개충군적정서、운동능력이급대숙실서화맥생서적선택.통계결과표명,정촌충군적자성개체비웅성개체중,이신정충군적웅성체중비정촌충군적중.재광장실험중,정촌충군비신정충군표현출교다적초필양행위.배우선택실험중,신정충군불론자웅도표현출료대맥생이성적희호.정촌충군웅성칙경원의선택숙실적개체.이차,정촌적자성대재맥생상공격맥생서적시간원대우숙실서.이상결과표명,량개야생충군재체중、정서이급대숙실서화맥생서선택상도표현출료명현적충군간차이.
Small mammals are likely to be able to accommodate to localized environmental shifts through the evolution of alternative behavioral strategies. Intraspecific social systems may vary considerably among populations of a species as a result of changing environmental conditions. This study examined whether behavioral traits of socially monogamous mandarin voles( Microtus mandarinus), differed between two populations (Chengcun and Xinzheng) characterized by different environmental features, namely altitude and amount of precipitation.Body mass, anxiety, locomotor activity, and partner preference of the two populations were compared. Females in the Chengcun population were much heavier compared with males. However, Xinzheng males were significantly heavier than Chengcun males. Voles in the Chengcun population spent a significantly longer period of time in the central area of an open field compared with animals in the Xinzheng population, thereby demonstrating less anxiety in the Chengcun population. Results of a partner preference test show that the Xinzheng population displayed a strong preference for unfamiliar conspecifics of the opposite sex, while Chengcun males showed a significant preference for a familiar partner. In addition, Chengcun females stayed in the compartment of an unfamiliar vole for a significantly longer period of time relative to the time they spent in the compartment of familiar vole. However, Chengcun females attacked unfamiliar conspecifics more frequently and for a significantly longer period of time they than did the familiar partner. These data suggest that the two populations show significant differences in body weight, anxiety and partner preference due to geographical variation.