CAJ | 학술논문

为了探讨不同灌溉制度对玉米根系生长和水分利用效率的影响及基因型间差异,在大型活动防雨棚和棚外田间条件下,利用一组玉米遗传材料杂交种户单四号、父本803和母本天四进行了研究.结果发现玉米杂交种在根系生长、分布和水分利用效率上表现出显著的杂种优势.在充分灌溉条件下,玉米杂交种在浅层的根长密度大于亲本,但在水分亏缺条件下,玉米杂交种根长密度在整个剖面上都显著大于亲本;同一玉米基因型在不同的灌溉制度下根长密度在土壤剖面的分布也不同,拔节期不灌溉条件下玉米根系在深层土壤中的分布较充分灌溉条件下大,保证了玉米对深层土壤水分的充分吸收,而后期灌水延缓了表层根系生长的衰退,产生明显的补偿效应;拔节期干旱而抽雄期和灌浆期灌水显著提高了3种基因型玉米的水分利用效率.通过合理灌溉优化玉米根系分布特性以提高玉米吸水能力和水分利用效率,是节水栽培上的可行途径.
위료탐토불동관개제도대옥미근계생장화수분이용효솔적영향급기인형간차이,재대형활동방우붕화붕외전간조건하,이용일조옥미유전재료잡교충호단사호、부본803화모본천사진행료연구.결과발현옥미잡교충재근계생장、분포화수분이용효솔상표현출현저적잡충우세.재충분관개조건하,옥미잡교충재천층적근장밀도대우친본,단재수분우결조건하,옥미잡교충근장밀도재정개부면상도현저대우친본;동일옥미기인형재불동적관개제도하근장밀도재토양부면적분포야불동,발절기불관개조건하옥미근계재심층토양중적분포교충분관개조건하대,보증료옥미대심층토양수분적충분흡수,이후기관수연완료표층근계생장적쇠퇴,산생명현적보상효응;발절기간한이추웅기화관장기관수현저제고료3충기인형옥미적수분이용효솔.통과합리관개우화옥미근계분포특성이제고옥미흡수능력화수분이용효솔,시절수재배상적가행도경.
In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation patterns on root growth and water use efficiency of maize and the differences among genotypes, the field and rain-out shelter experiment with different genotypes of maize (hybrid Hudan 4 and its parents 803 and Tian 4) were carried out. The result showed that hybrid maize Hudan 4 existed marked heterosis in root growth, root profile distribution and water use efficiency. The root length density of hybrid maize Hudan 4 was higher than that of its parents at shallow soil layer under full irrigation condition, but the root length density of Hudan 4 was markedly higher than that of its parents at whole soil profile under water stress conditions. Meanwhile, the root system distribution of same maize genotypes were different under different irrigation patterns. Compared with fully irrigation, no irrigation at jointing stage resulted in the more root distribution at deeper soil layer, which ensured the uptake and use of deeper soil layer water for maize. Root growth produced obvious compensation effect irrigated at later stage (head and filling stage), decline rate of root growth was alleviated at shallow soil layer. Water use efficiency of maize was markedly increased with no irrigation at jointing stage and rewatering at head and filling stage. Therefore, optimizing root profile distribution by rational irrigation is reliable approaches to raise water use efficiency of maize under drought conditions.