CAJ | 학술논문

为探讨不同类型小麦(Triticum aestivum)品种分蘖成穗特性及对群体环境的响应,寻求合理播种方式的调控参数,在大田试验条件下,对两类品种单株稀植与不同播种方式所构成的不同群体进行了对比研究.结果表明,单株稀植时,两类品种均具有较高的分蘖潜力,中多穗型品种‘济麦20'和‘鲁麦14'单株平均成穗数为40.58和44.34个,大穗型品种‘山农8355'和‘兰考矮早八'为24.33和23.20个,成穗率存在着显著的基因型差异;进入不同播种方式的群体环境后,中多穗型品种每株平均成穗数降至3.37和3.85个,降低率分别为91.70%和91.32%,大穗型品种每株成穗1.82和1.36个.分别降低92.52%和94.14%;证明群体环境对分蘖成穗的影响比遗传因素更强烈,且大穗型品种分蘖成穗特性对群体环境的响应较中多穗型敏感.播种方式可有效地调控群体结构,条播的经济产量显著高于撒播,条播行距配置对产量的影响因品种类型而异;中多穗型行距在23.4-23.9 cm、大穗犁在16.5-16.9 cm时产量最高;撒播和窄行条播可有效地增加单位面积穗数,提高挑旗和灌浆中期群体中、上层的光截获率,而千粒重和穗粒数却随之降低.播种方式对挑旗后群体内部CO_2浓度有微弱的影响.
위탐토불동류형소맥(Triticum aestivum)품충분얼성수특성급대군체배경적향응,심구합리파충방식적조공삼수,재대전시험조건하,대량류품충단주희식여불동파충방식소구성적불동군체진행료대비연구.결과표명,단주희식시,량류품충균구유교고적분얼잠력,중다수형품충‘제맥20'화‘로맥14'단주평균성수수위40.58화44.34개,대수형품충‘산농8355'화‘란고왜조팔'위24.33화23.20개,성수솔존재착현저적기인형차이;진입불동파충방식적군체배경후,중다수형품충매주평균성수수강지3.37화3.85개,강저솔분별위91.70%화91.32%,대수형품충매주성수1.82화1.36개.분별강저92.52%화94.14%;증명군체배경대분얼성수적영향비유전인소경강렬,차대수형품충분얼성수특성대군체배경적향응교중다수형민감.파충방식가유효지조공군체결구,조파적경제산량현저고우살파,조파행거배치대산량적영향인품충류형이이;중다수형행거재23.4-23.9 cm、대수리재16.5-16.9 cm시산량최고;살파화착행조파가유효지증가단위면적수수,제고도기화관장중기군체중、상층적광절획솔,이천립중화수립수각수지강저.파충방식대도기후군체내부CO_2농도유미약적영향.
Aims Wheat (Triticum aestivum) tillering characteristics provide an important basis for controlling population dynamic structure. However, studies on maximum tillering potential and different sowing methods and row spac-ings are lacking for different varieties. Our objective was to examine the maximum tillering potential and explore proper sowing methods and row allocation to increase the yield of different tillering types.Methods The experiment was conducted on the farm of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China, using large-spike (Shannong 8355 and Lankao Aizao 8) and multiple-spike (Jimai 20 and Lumai 14) eultivars. Broad-east and seed drilling (row spacing of 30, 25, 20 and 15 cm) treatments were used in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Every treatment added dibble seeding with 30 cm plant spacing. Plot area is 8 m~2.Important findings The two types have higher tillering ability with dibble seeding, but there are significant dif-ferences in spike number and spike rate. Canopy microclimate has greater influence on the two types than do ge-netic factors. The large-spike cultivar has a higher degree of response on the colony environment than the multi-pie-spike cultivar. Canopy structure can be effectively controlled by seeding mode. Drilling makes significantly higher economic yield than broadcast seeding. The degree of response to row spacing differs among the varieties. It is suggested that a suitable combination of cultivar and row spacing could effectively increase grain yield, with the row spacing 23.4-23.9 cm for multiple-spike cultivars and 16.5-16.9 cm for large-spike cultivars. Broadcast seeding and narrow spacing drill seeding increase tillering and the canopy light interception (LI) of the upper and central portion in the booting and filling stage, but reduce the number of grains and kernel weight. After the boot-ing stage, seeding mode affects CO_2 concentration of every layer, although not significantly.