CAJ | 학술논문

生态通道模式(Ecopath Model)是一种较为方便地研究生态系统结构,特别是水域生态系统结构的工具.它根据能量平衡原理,用线性齐次方程组描述生态系统中的生物组成和能量在各生物组成之间的流动过程,定量某些生态学参数,如生物量、生产量/生物量、消耗量/生物量、营养级和生态营养效率(EE,Ecotrophic Efficiency)等.它能够给出能量在生态通道上的流动量,便于对生态系统的特征和变化作深入的研究.本文主要根据1982～1983年渤海生态系统综合调查的渔业资源基础数据,建立了渤海生态系统初步生态通道模型.根据食性关系特点,渤海生态系统Ecopath模型由13个功能组(Box)构成.它们是小型浮游动物、大型浮游动物、小型软体动物、大型软体动物、小型甲壳类、大型甲壳类、草食性鱼类、小型中上层鱼类、底层鱼类、底栖鱼类、中上层顶级捕食鱼类、浮游植物和有机碎屑.功能组的划分,基本上可以覆盖渤海生态系统中生物能量的主要流动过程.模型采用每平方公里吨/年为主要参数单位,大部分功能组的生产量与生物量比值(P/B)和消耗量与生物量比值(Q/B)参数主要是根据相同纬度水域Ecopath模型中类似的功能组估算得到.在调试渤海生态通道模型时,考虑渤海生态系统是一个生态转换利用充分的水域,生态营养效率(EE)的值均取在0.808以上.模型估算出渤海可利用经济种类的生物量达到95×105t(每平方公里12.3t.km-2),其中鱼类资源生物量为33.8×105t.上述数值比渤海生态系统综合调查结果数据和其它有关文章发表的渤海资源生物量(多根据拖网调查资料)的数值要高,其中小型中层鱼类生物量为渤海综合调查生物量的1.8倍.考虑到拖网调查方法往往对生物资源量估计偏低,可以认为渤海生态通道模型对生物量的评估数据是合理的.
생태통도모식(Ecopath Model)시일충교위방편지연구생태계통결구,특별시수역생태계통결구적공구.타근거능량평형원리,용선성제차방정조묘술생태계통중적생물조성화능량재각생물조성지간적류동과정,정량모사생태학삼수,여생물량、생산량/생물량、소모량/생물량、영양급화생태영양효솔(EE,Ecotrophic Efficiency)등.타능구급출능량재생태통도상적류동량,편우대생태계통적특정화변화작심입적연구.본문주요근거1982～1983년발해생태계통종합조사적어업자원기출수거,건립료발해생태계통초보생태통도모형.근거식성관계특점,발해생태계통Ecopath모형유13개공능조(Box)구성.타문시소형부유동물、대형부유동물、소형연체동물、대형연체동물、소형갑각류、대형갑각류、초식성어류、소형중상층어류、저층어류、저서어류、중상층정급포식어류、부유식물화유궤쇄설.공능조적화분,기본상가이복개발해생태계통중생물능량적주요류동과정.모형채용매평방공리둔/년위주요삼수단위,대부분공능조적생산량여생물량비치(P/B)화소모량여생물량비치(Q/B)삼수주요시근거상동위도수역Ecopath모형중유사적공능조고산득도.재조시발해생태통도모형시,고필발해생태계통시일개생태전환이용충분적수역,생태영양효솔(EE)적치균취재0.808이상.모형고산출발해가이용경제충류적생물량체도95×105t(매평방공리12.3t.km-2),기중어류자원생물량위33.8×105t.상술수치비발해생태계통종합조사결과수거화기타유관문장발표적발해자원생물량(다근거타망조사자료)적수치요고,기중소형중층어류생물량위발해종합조사생물량적1.8배.고필도타망조사방법왕왕대생물자원량고계편저,가이인위발해생태통도모형대생물량적평고수거시합리적.
A Bohai Sea mass-balance ecopath model is constructed on the basis of fisheries resources data from the ecosystem survey conducted from April 1982 to May 1983. It is the first ecopath model which consists of 13 function groups (boxes), and only covers the main trophic flow in the Bohai Sea ecosystem. P/B and Q/B parameters (P:production, B:biomass, Q:consumption) for most groups were estimated from similar function groups in other ecopath models of the same latitude regions around. The value of EE (Ecotrophic Efficiency) is the main parameter to check the equilibration of the model. The EE parameters in the model are of high value (＞0.808) for most groups, because the fishing pressure was very high and small living organisms were being heavily preyed upon in the ecosystem. The biomass density of the species commercially utilized estimated by the model is 12.33 ton.km-2. Even though the value is low compared with the density in other ecosystems, such as Caribbean coral reef ecosystem and the Southern B.C. shelf model, it is higher than the value published by some papers on the Bohai Sea using other methods. Considering the lower value estimated by the stock assessment using bottom trawl survey data, the output here is reasonable. It is concluded that the biomass of commercial fishing species in the sea is 950 thousand metric tons, and 338 thousand tons are fish species in the value.