中华传染病杂志
中華傳染病雜誌
중화전염병잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
2012年
5期
283-287
,共5页
朱奕奕%袁政安%赵琦%李燕婷%黎健%沈福杰%陆璐%汤显%申惠国%朱渭萍%黄中敏%徐飚
硃奕奕%袁政安%趙琦%李燕婷%黎健%瀋福傑%陸璐%湯顯%申惠國%硃渭萍%黃中敏%徐飚
주혁혁%원정안%조기%리연정%려건%침복걸%륙로%탕현%신혜국%주위평%황중민%서표
肝炎,甲型%肝炎抗体,甲型%肝炎疫苗,甲型%接种%危险因素
肝炎,甲型%肝炎抗體,甲型%肝炎疫苗,甲型%接種%危險因素
간염,갑형%간염항체,갑형%간염역묘,갑형%접충%위험인소
Hepatitis A%Hepatitis A antibodies%Hepatitis A vaccines%Vaccination%Risk factors
目的 了解上海市0～18岁儿童和青少年甲型肝炎疫苗的免疫状况和甲型肝炎抗体分布水平,分析儿童和青少年发生HAV自然感染的影响因素.方法 用分层整群随机抽样的方法,以上海市0～18岁人群为研究对象,通过问卷调查收集研究对象的人口学和饮食行为等相关信息,从预防接种记录本摘录研究对象的免疫接种史.用ELISA方法定性和定量检测调查对象血清样本中的甲型肝炎抗体,分析影响未接种疫苗研究对象HAV自然感染的因素.结果 共纳入调查对象2431名,HAV IgM抗体均为阴性,甲型肝炎总抗体阳性为1483名,阳性率为61％.调查对象随年龄增长,甲型肝炎总抗体阳性率有下降趋势,有甲型肝炎疫苗接种史的儿童和青少年的甲型肝炎抗体阳性率显著高于无接种记录的对象,经常食用凉拌菜、集体单位非分餐进食和内镜检查是发生HAV感染的危险因素.结论 既往上海市的甲型肝炎疫苗接种策略显著提高了儿童和青少年部分年龄组人群的甲型肝炎抗体水平,未接种甲型肝炎疫苗的儿童和青少年仍存在自然感染HAV的可能,故加强甲型肝炎疫苗接种、开展甲型肝炎防治健康教育对上海市儿童和青少年的甲型肝炎防控非常重要.
目的 瞭解上海市0～18歲兒童和青少年甲型肝炎疫苗的免疫狀況和甲型肝炎抗體分佈水平,分析兒童和青少年髮生HAV自然感染的影響因素.方法 用分層整群隨機抽樣的方法,以上海市0～18歲人群為研究對象,通過問捲調查收集研究對象的人口學和飲食行為等相關信息,從預防接種記錄本摘錄研究對象的免疫接種史.用ELISA方法定性和定量檢測調查對象血清樣本中的甲型肝炎抗體,分析影響未接種疫苗研究對象HAV自然感染的因素.結果 共納入調查對象2431名,HAV IgM抗體均為陰性,甲型肝炎總抗體暘性為1483名,暘性率為61％.調查對象隨年齡增長,甲型肝炎總抗體暘性率有下降趨勢,有甲型肝炎疫苗接種史的兒童和青少年的甲型肝炎抗體暘性率顯著高于無接種記錄的對象,經常食用涼拌菜、集體單位非分餐進食和內鏡檢查是髮生HAV感染的危險因素.結論 既往上海市的甲型肝炎疫苗接種策略顯著提高瞭兒童和青少年部分年齡組人群的甲型肝炎抗體水平,未接種甲型肝炎疫苗的兒童和青少年仍存在自然感染HAV的可能,故加彊甲型肝炎疫苗接種、開展甲型肝炎防治健康教育對上海市兒童和青少年的甲型肝炎防控非常重要.
목적 료해상해시0～18세인동화청소년갑형간염역묘적면역상황화갑형간염항체분포수평,분석인동화청소년발생HAV자연감염적영향인소.방법 용분층정군수궤추양적방법,이상해시0～18세인군위연구대상,통과문권조사수집연구대상적인구학화음식행위등상관신식,종예방접충기록본적록연구대상적면역접충사.용ELISA방법정성화정량검측조사대상혈청양본중적갑형간염항체,분석영향미접충역묘연구대상HAV자연감염적인소.결과 공납입조사대상2431명,HAV IgM항체균위음성,갑형간염총항체양성위1483명,양성솔위61％.조사대상수년령증장,갑형간염총항체양성솔유하강추세,유갑형간염역묘접충사적인동화청소년적갑형간염항체양성솔현저고우무접충기록적대상,경상식용량반채、집체단위비분찬진식화내경검사시발생HAV감염적위험인소.결론 기왕상해시적갑형간염역묘접충책략현저제고료인동화청소년부분년령조인군적갑형간염항체수평,미접충갑형간염역묘적인동화청소년잉존재자연감염HAV적가능,고가강갑형간염역묘접충、개전갑형간염방치건강교육대상해시인동화청소년적갑형간염방공비상중요.
Objective To investigate the immunity and seroprevalence of hepatitis A and to identify the risk factors of hepatitis A infection in 0-18 year-old children and adolescents in Shanghai.Methods Subjects were enrolled by stratifying and clustering random sampling method.Questionnaire interview was applied to investigate the socio-demographic and behavioral factors related to hepatitis A virus (HAV),and information on HAV immunization was abstracted from the immunization registration book of each subject.The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to qualitatively detect HAV IgM and quantitatively measure total HAV antibody in all subjects.Risk factors associated with HAV among the subjects without HAV vaccination were analyzed.Results A total of 2431 subjects were enrolled in the present study with negative HAV IgM antibody and total HAV antibody in 1483 subjects were sero-positive with positivity rate of 61％.Total HAV antibody positivity rates were declined with age increasing and were significantly higher in subjects with HAV vaccination than those without HAV vaccination records.Salad food,eating together without food separation in school and endoscopy inspection were risk factors for HAV infection.Conclusions HAV vaccination strategies remarkably improve the total HAV antibody seropositive rate in children and adolescents in Shanghai.The risk of HAV infection exists if HAV vaccination is not administrated comprehensively.Therefore,strengthening HAV vaccination and health education are important for children and adolescents to prevent and control of hepatitis A in Shanghai.
