CAJ | 학술논문

在文艺思想倾向上，19世纪的法国作家福楼拜是个很复杂的个案，他是从现实主义过渡到自然主义的关键人物。因此，中外学界在论及福楼拜的文艺思想时，往往在自然主义和现实主义之间犹疑和徘徊。从福楼拜的文学活动、文学理念和作品本身进行考察，我们发现，福楼拜客观公正的艺术追求，一定的实证精神与对人物的多方面、多层次的认识和描写等，使他成为开启自然主义思想先河的小说家，他同自然主义有着千丝万缕的关联，其文艺思想与创作实践都明显呈现出自然主义的特征。自然主义作家和理论家左拉、莫泊桑等一致将他奉为老师，并把饱法利夫舳视为自然主义的开山之作。在法国乃至整个欧洲文学史上，福楼拜是一位从传统走向现代的作家。
재문예사상경향상，19세기적법국작가복루배시개흔복잡적개안，타시종현실주의과도도자연주의적관건인물。인차，중외학계재론급복루배적문예사상시，왕왕재자연주의화현실주의지간유의화배회。종복루배적문학활동、문학이념화작품본신진행고찰，아문발현，복루배객관공정적예술추구，일정적실증정신여대인물적다방면、다층차적인식화묘사등，사타성위개계자연주의사상선하적소설가，타동자연주의유착천사만루적관련，기문예사상여창작실천도명현정현출자연주의적특정。자연주의작가화이론가좌랍、막박상등일치장타봉위로사，병파포법리부축시위자연주의적개산지작。재법국내지정개구주문학사상，복루배시일위종전통주향현대적작가。
In literary theory, the 19th-century French writer Flaubert was a very complicated case, who is the key writer in the transition from realism to naturalism. Therefore, the Chinese and foreign scholars often hesitate between naturalism and realism in the discussion of Flaubert＇s literary ideas. From Flanbert＇s literary activities, ideas and works, we find that Flaubert becomes the first novelist that started naturalism because of his objective and impartial pursuit of art, demonstrative spirit and his multitude recognition and description of the character＇s various aspects. He had inextricable association with naturalism, and his literary ideas and creative practice are clearly showing naturalistic features. Naturalist writers and theorists, such as Zola, Maupassant, etc. regarded him as a teacher, and Madame Bovary as a starting point for naturalism. In French and even the European literary history, Flaubert is a writer from tradition to modern.