CAJ | 학술논문

立国二百多年以来，美国已经逐步形成了一套内外结合的制约监督政府权力的机制。在国家机器内对政府官员实施监督的除了政府问责局以外，还有联邦检察长、特别检察官、督察长以及巡视官等。此外，美国社会的一些群体也从官僚体系的外部对政府官员实施监督，这些群体中较为突出的主要是新闻界和非营利组织。美国对政府官员实施监督有多管齐下、制度化和制约机构相对独立等三大特点。
입국이백다년이래，미국이경축보형성료일투내외결합적제약감독정부권력적궤제。재국가궤기내대정부관원실시감독적제료정부문책국이외，환유련방검찰장、특별검찰관、독찰장이급순시관등。차외，미국사회적일사군체야종관료체계적외부대정부관원실시감독，저사군체중교위돌출적주요시신문계화비영리조직。미국대정부관원실시감독유다관제하、제도화화제약궤구상대독립등삼대특점。
Since its founding more than two hundred years ago, the United States of America has established a series of mechanisms of constraint combining both internal and external supervision. These include Government Accountability Office, the United States Attorney, Special Prosecutor, Inspector General, and Ombudsmen within the state apparatus. Moreover, a variety of groups, especially the news media and the non-profit organizations, also ex- ercise supervision over government officials from outside the state apparatus. The supervision over American state bureaucrats has several important features： a. the supervision is multi-dimensional; b. the supervision is institu- tionalized ; and c. the agencies of supervision are relatively independent. This has made it more difficult for the networks of informal organizations to interfere with constraint over government officials＇ behavior. ＂Ultimately, however, ethics must be a consistent priority for voters, not just a topic of discussion in the wake of scandal and not just an issue used to achieve political ends. ＂