CAJ | 학술논문

为研究黄河流域地下水可再生能力变化规律和制定黄河流域水资源管理方案,应用基流指数法(BFI)和直线平割法的原理与方法,计算了黄河流域干流13个水文断面与20条主要支流31个水文断面的基流量,并分析了基流量的形成机理、地下水对黄河水的贡献、基流变化过程、流域地下水资源的构成及地下水资源总量.研究结果表明:花园口断面的基流量占多年平均径流量的44%,流域内河水与地下水存在极其密切的转化关系,地下水对黄河水的贡献很大.黄河的径流量与基流量主要来自兰州以上的源区,兰州断面的年径流量与基流量分别占花园口断面径流量的59%和60%;而兰州以下到花园口之间的上、中游地区,地下水对黄河水的贡献很小.1990年前后,黄河干流与支流河段的基流量发生了很大变化.除玛多以上的源头段基流量衰减率较大外(衰减率为0.38),兰州以上的干流河段基流量衰减率较小(0.08～0.20),而兰州以下的黄河干流基流量衰减率都很大(0.22～0.31).基流量的剧烈衰减是天然和人类活动(如地下水开采)共同作用下地下水资源量减少的结果.从流域水循环的观点考虑,黄河流域的区域地下水资源由参与黄河水循环的地下水资源、未参与黄河水循环的地下水资源和流域地下水的开采等3大部分构成.1990年6月-2000年6月近10年黄河流域地下水天然资源量平均值为353.9 亿m~3/a,比多年地下水资源量平均值减少了15 % .
위연구황하류역지하수가재생능력변화규률화제정황하류역수자원관리방안,응용기류지수법(BFI)화직선평할법적원리여방법,계산료황하류역간류13개수문단면여20조주요지류31개수문단면적기류량,병분석료기류량적형성궤리、지하수대황하수적공헌、기류변화과정、류역지하수자원적구성급지하수자원총량.연구결과표명:화완구단면적기류량점다년평균경류량적44%,류역내하수여지하수존재겁기밀절적전화관계,지하수대황하수적공헌흔대.황하적경류량여기류량주요래자란주이상적원구,란주단면적년경류량여기류량분별점화완구단면경류량적59%화60%;이란주이하도화완구지간적상、중유지구,지하수대황하수적공헌흔소.1990년전후,황하간류여지류하단적기류량발생료흔대변화.제마다이상적원두단기류량쇠감솔교대외(쇠감솔위0.38),란주이상적간류하단기류량쇠감솔교소(0.08～0.20),이란주이하적황하간류기류량쇠감솔도흔대(0.22～0.31).기류량적극렬쇠감시천연화인류활동(여지하수개채)공동작용하지하수자원량감소적결과.종류역수순배적관점고필,황하류역적구역지하수자원유삼여황하수순배적지하수자원、미삼여황하수순배적지하수자원화류역지하수적개채등3대부분구성.1990년6월-2000년6월근10년황하류역지하수천연자원량평균치위353.9 억m~3/a,비다년지하수자원량평균치감소료15 % .
The principle and methods of base flow index (BFI) and line separation have been employed to calculate the baseflow in 13 hydrologic sections on the main stream and 31 hydrologic sections on 20 major tributaries of the Yellow River basin. Based on the baseflow separation results, a comprehensive analysis was made on the forming mechanism of baseflow,the contribution of groundwater to the Yellow River,baseflow changes,the composition and the total amount of groundwater resources in the basin,which has provided a sound and reliable foundation to evaluate the groundwater renewal capability and set up a rational water resources management strategy in the Yellow River basin.The research result shows that the baseflow of the Huayuankou section accounts for 44% runoff for many years average. The extremely close relationship existed between groundwater and the Yellow River and the groundwater had great contribution to the river. The runoff and baseflow of the Yellow River are mainly from the source area above Lanzhou.The annual runoff and baseflow of the Lanzhou section account for 59% and 60% of the Huayuankou runoff section. However, the groundwater contribution to the Yellow River water was very small in the vast area of upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River between Lanzhou and Huayuankou. Around 1990s, the baseflow in the main stream and tributaries of the Yellow River had been changed greatly. The main stream above Lanzhou had a sharp baseflow reduction (decrease rate of 0.08-0.20) except the source above Maduo (decrease rate of 0.38).However,in the major hydrological sections downstream the Yellow River in Lanzhou, baseflow had large reduction rate(0.22-0.31). The dramatic reduction of baseflow mainly results from the reduction of groundwater resources quantity affected by the nature and human activities such as groundwater exploitation. From the viewpoint of hydrologic cycle on the basin scale,the regional groundwater resource of the Yellow River basin was constituted of three following parts: groundwater resource that participates in the Yellow River water cycle, groundwater not involved in the Yellow River water cycle and the groundwater exploitation in the basin. The natural groundwater quantity from June 1990 to June 2000 is estimated to be 35.39 billion m~3/a, which is 15% less than that of groundwater resource of many years average.