CAJ | 학술논문

目的　检测接触玛瑙尘作业工人生产环境与矽肺病发病状况。方法　测定广州某珠宝加工厂33名玛瑙尘接触工人作业环境玛瑙尘的总尘浓度、分散度和游离SiO２含量；对接尘工人拍摄高千伏X线后前位胸片、测定肺功能以及其它医学检查；结果　切粒、磨角和窝珠工种平均总尘浓度分别为9.9、3.5和3.0 mg/m３，超过国家最大容许浓度8.9、2.5、2.0倍，分散度＜5 μm占86%，游离SiO２含量为90.5%；接尘工人平均年龄(29.8±4.9)岁，平均工龄(3.5±1.7)年，诊断为急进型矽肺15例(47%)，其中Ⅰ期11例、Ⅱ期4例，其肺功能明显降低；至2000年2月，原诊断为Ⅰ期3例、Ⅱ期3例已晋期为Ⅲ期，3例患者(20%)死于呼吸衰竭，6例病情危急；该厂在调查后不久关闭。结论　玛瑙尘易发生急进型矽肺，病情凶险，提示在发展中国家，对小型珠宝加工厂加强职业卫生管理刻不容缓。
목적　검측접촉마노진작업공인생산배경여석폐병발병상황。방법　측정엄주모주보가공엄33명마노진접촉공인작업배경마노진적총진농도、분산도화유리SiO２함량；대접진공인박섭고천복X선후전위흉편、측정폐공능이급기타의학검사；결과　절립、마각화와주공충평균총진농도분별위9.9、3.5화3.0 mg/m３，초과국가최대용허농도8.9、2.5、2.0배，분산도＜5 μm점86%，유리SiO２함량위90.5%；접진공인평균년령(29.8±4.9)세，평균공령(3.5±1.7)년，진단위급진형석폐15례(47%)，기중Ⅰ기11례、Ⅱ기4례，기폐공능명현강저；지2000년2월，원진단위Ⅰ기3례、Ⅱ기3례이진기위Ⅲ기，3례환자(20%)사우호흡쇠갈，6례병정위급；해엄재조사후불구관폐。결론　마노진역발생급진형석폐，병정흉험，제시재발전중국가，대소형주보가공엄가강직업위생관리각불용완。
Objective　To assess the prevalence of silicosis in workers exposed to agate dust in a small private agate mill in Guangzhou.Methods　The work processes and records of dust measurements were examined. Free SiO２ content from agate samples was measured. Occupational history was obtained and chest X-ray and lung function tests were carried out. The present investigation was prompted.Results　The mean total dust concentrations in sawing, carving and polishing work sites were 9.9, 3.5 and 3.0 mg/m３ respectively, exceeding the national maximum allowance concentration (MAC of 1 mg/m３) by 8.9, 2.5 and 2.0 folds. The content of free SiO２ was 90.5% and 86% of the particles' diameter was smaller than 5.0 μm. The mean age was (29.8±4.9) years and the mean duration of exposure was (3.5±1.7)years. Fifteen cases (47%) were diagnosed as accelerated silicosis, including 11 cases of stage Ⅰ and 4 cases of stage Ⅱ. All were from the sawing work site and their pulmonary function were reduced. Up to February 2000, three cases of Stage 　Ⅰ and three cases of stage Ⅱ had developed to be stage Ⅲ, three died from respiratory failure and six were in critical conditions. The factory was closed soon after the investigation started.Conclusion　About half of the workers in the agate mill exposed to agate dust had accelerated silicosis. It suggested that strengthening of the occupational hygiene works in small scale enterprises such as agate mill would be in urgent need especially in developing countries.