目的 比较平视显示器(HUD)速度、高度和航向信息各自3种不同显示格式对飞行员认知绩效的影响. 方法 试验采用3×2重复测量设计,以151名男性飞行员为受试对象,完成HUD速度、高度和航向信息3种不同显示格式共18幅画面的测试,并获取飞行员对每种显示格式"优、良、中、差"的等级评定.对正确率和反应时指标作重复测量的协方差分析和配对比较检验;对飞行员使用性评价指标作x2检验. 结果 在HUD速度信息画面测试中,对于飞行员的认知正确率,"显示格式"的主效应非常显著(F=7.097,P＜0.001);"信息认知方式"的主效应显著(F=3.902,P＜0.05);飞行员正确认知"模拟刻度带Ⅰ加数字窗"的信息正确率期望值最高.对于飞行员的反应时指标,"受试对象类别"和"信息认知方式"的交互作用显著(F=2.905,P＜0.05);"飞行总时数"的主效应显著(F=6.637,P＜0.05);在使用性评价上,飞行员将3种显示格式分别评价为"优、良、中、差"的人数比例分布有非常显著的差异(x2=233.305,P＜0.001),其中82.1%的飞行员认为"模拟刻度带Ⅰ加数字窗"的显示格式为"优".在HUD高度信息画面测试中,对于飞行员的认知正确率,"显示格式"的主效应非常显著(F=8.523,P＜0.001),"显示格式"和"飞行总时数"的交互作用显著(F=3.253,P＜0.05);飞行员正确认知"模拟刻度带Ⅰ加数字窗"显示格式的信息正确率期望值最高;对于飞行员的反应时指标,"显示格式"的主效应非常显著(F=10.869,P＜0.001);在使用性评价上,飞行员将3种显示格式分别评价为"优、良、中、差"的人数比例分布有非常显著的差异(x2=273.959,P＜0.001),其中有86.8%的飞行员认为"模拟刻度带Ⅰ加数字窗"的显示格式为"优".在HUD航向信息画面测试中,对于飞行员的认知正确率,"显示格式"的主效应非常显著(F=11.418,P＜0.001),"显示格式"和"飞行总时数"的交互作用很显著(F=5.802,P＜0.01);飞行员正确认知"模拟刻度带Ⅰ加数字窗"显示格式的信息正确率期望值最高;对于飞行员的反应时指标,"受试对象类别"的主效应显著(F=3.226,P＜0.05),"飞行总时数"的主效应显著(F=5.719,P＜0.05);在使用性评价上,飞行员将3种显示格式分别评价为"优、良、中、差"的人数比例分布有非常显著的差异(x2=226.324,P＜0.001),其中有88.7%的飞行员认为"模拟刻度带Ⅰ加数字窗"的显示格式为"优". 结论 对战斗机HUD速度、高度和航向信息的视觉显示建议优先采用"模拟刻度带Ⅰ加数字窗"格式.
目的 比較平視顯示器(HUD)速度、高度和航嚮信息各自3種不同顯示格式對飛行員認知績效的影響. 方法 試驗採用3×2重複測量設計,以151名男性飛行員為受試對象,完成HUD速度、高度和航嚮信息3種不同顯示格式共18幅畫麵的測試,併穫取飛行員對每種顯示格式"優、良、中、差"的等級評定.對正確率和反應時指標作重複測量的協方差分析和配對比較檢驗;對飛行員使用性評價指標作x2檢驗. 結果 在HUD速度信息畫麵測試中,對于飛行員的認知正確率,"顯示格式"的主效應非常顯著(F=7.097,P＜0.001);"信息認知方式"的主效應顯著(F=3.902,P＜0.05);飛行員正確認知"模擬刻度帶Ⅰ加數字窗"的信息正確率期望值最高.對于飛行員的反應時指標,"受試對象類彆"和"信息認知方式"的交互作用顯著(F=2.905,P＜0.05);"飛行總時數"的主效應顯著(F=6.637,P＜0.05);在使用性評價上,飛行員將3種顯示格式分彆評價為"優、良、中、差"的人數比例分佈有非常顯著的差異(x2=233.305,P＜0.001),其中82.1%的飛行員認為"模擬刻度帶Ⅰ加數字窗"的顯示格式為"優".在HUD高度信息畫麵測試中,對于飛行員的認知正確率,"顯示格式"的主效應非常顯著(F=8.523,P＜0.001),"顯示格式"和"飛行總時數"的交互作用顯著(F=3.253,P＜0.05);飛行員正確認知"模擬刻度帶Ⅰ加數字窗"顯示格式的信息正確率期望值最高;對于飛行員的反應時指標,"顯示格式"的主效應非常顯著(F=10.869,P＜0.001);在使用性評價上,飛行員將3種顯示格式分彆評價為"優、良、中、差"的人數比例分佈有非常顯著的差異(x2=273.959,P＜0.001),其中有86.8%的飛行員認為"模擬刻度帶Ⅰ加數字窗"的顯示格式為"優".在HUD航嚮信息畫麵測試中,對于飛行員的認知正確率,"顯示格式"的主效應非常顯著(F=11.418,P＜0.001),"顯示格式"和"飛行總時數"的交互作用很顯著(F=5.802,P＜0.01);飛行員正確認知"模擬刻度帶Ⅰ加數字窗"顯示格式的信息正確率期望值最高;對于飛行員的反應時指標,"受試對象類彆"的主效應顯著(F=3.226,P＜0.05),"飛行總時數"的主效應顯著(F=5.719,P＜0.05);在使用性評價上,飛行員將3種顯示格式分彆評價為"優、良、中、差"的人數比例分佈有非常顯著的差異(x2=226.324,P＜0.001),其中有88.7%的飛行員認為"模擬刻度帶Ⅰ加數字窗"的顯示格式為"優". 結論 對戰鬥機HUD速度、高度和航嚮信息的視覺顯示建議優先採用"模擬刻度帶Ⅰ加數字窗"格式.
목적 비교평시현시기(HUD)속도、고도화항향신식각자3충불동현시격식대비행원인지적효적영향. 방법 시험채용3×2중복측량설계,이151명남성비행원위수시대상,완성HUD속도、고도화항향신식3충불동현시격식공18폭화면적측시,병획취비행원대매충현시격식"우、량、중、차"적등급평정.대정학솔화반응시지표작중복측량적협방차분석화배대비교검험;대비행원사용성평개지표작x2검험. 결과 재HUD속도신식화면측시중,대우비행원적인지정학솔,"현시격식"적주효응비상현저(F=7.097,P＜0.001);"신식인지방식"적주효응현저(F=3.902,P＜0.05);비행원정학인지"모의각도대Ⅰ가수자창"적신식정학솔기망치최고.대우비행원적반응시지표,"수시대상유별"화"신식인지방식"적교호작용현저(F=2.905,P＜0.05);"비행총시수"적주효응현저(F=6.637,P＜0.05);재사용성평개상,비행원장3충현시격식분별평개위"우、량、중、차"적인수비례분포유비상현저적차이(x2=233.305,P＜0.001),기중82.1%적비행원인위"모의각도대Ⅰ가수자창"적현시격식위"우".재HUD고도신식화면측시중,대우비행원적인지정학솔,"현시격식"적주효응비상현저(F=8.523,P＜0.001),"현시격식"화"비행총시수"적교호작용현저(F=3.253,P＜0.05);비행원정학인지"모의각도대Ⅰ가수자창"현시격식적신식정학솔기망치최고;대우비행원적반응시지표,"현시격식"적주효응비상현저(F=10.869,P＜0.001);재사용성평개상,비행원장3충현시격식분별평개위"우、량、중、차"적인수비례분포유비상현저적차이(x2=273.959,P＜0.001),기중유86.8%적비행원인위"모의각도대Ⅰ가수자창"적현시격식위"우".재HUD항향신식화면측시중,대우비행원적인지정학솔,"현시격식"적주효응비상현저(F=11.418,P＜0.001),"현시격식"화"비행총시수"적교호작용흔현저(F=5.802,P＜0.01);비행원정학인지"모의각도대Ⅰ가수자창"현시격식적신식정학솔기망치최고;대우비행원적반응시지표,"수시대상유별"적주효응현저(F=3.226,P＜0.05),"비행총시수"적주효응현저(F=5.719,P＜0.05);재사용성평개상,비행원장3충현시격식분별평개위"우、량、중、차"적인수비례분포유비상현저적차이(x2=226.324,P＜0.001),기중유88.7%적비행원인위"모의각도대Ⅰ가수자창"적현시격식위"우". 결론 대전두궤HUD속도、고도화항향신식적시각현시건의우선채용"모의각도대Ⅰ가수자창"격식.
Objective To compare the effect of three display formats on pilots' cognitive performance with head-up display(HUD) velocity, height and heading information. Methods 3 ×2repeated measurement design was adopted in this experiment. One hundred and fifty-one male pilots joined in the research. They finished 18 menus and rated every display format with excellent, good,medium or bad. Covarianee analysis of repeated measurements and pairwise comparison tests were used to assess the difference of pilots' correct rates and reaction time with three display formats, and ehi-square tests were used for the pilots' ratings. Results For the pilots' correct rate in HUD velocity menus, the main effect of display formats was very significant(F= 7. 097,P＜0. 001) ,and the main effect of cognitive mode of information was significant(F= 3. 902 ,P＜0.05). The expectancy of correct rate that pilots accurately identified the analog scale Ⅰ with digital window was the highest.For the pilots' reaction time, the interaction effect of the type of participants and the cognitive mode of information was significant(F= 2. 9051, P＜0.05). The main effect of the total time of flight was significant(F= 6. 637,P＜0.05). For the pilots' subjective rating, the proportion distribution of the raters with "excellent, good, medium or bad" was very significant (X2= 233. 305,P＜0. 001), and 82.1 percent pilots considered the analog scale Ⅰ with digital window excellent. For the pilots'correct rate in HUD height menus, the main effect of display formats was very significant(F= 8. 523,P＜0. 001), and the interaction effect of the display formats and the total time of flight was significant (F=3. 253,P＜0.05). The expectancy of correct rate that pilots accurately identified the analog scale Ⅰ with digital window was the highest. For the pilots' reaction time, the main effect of the display formats was very significant(F= 10. 869,P＜0. 001). For the pilots' subjective rating, the proportion distribution of the raters with"excellent, good, medium or bad" was very significant (x2=273. 959,P＜0. 001) ,and 86.8 percent pilots considered the analog scale Ⅰ with digital window excellent. For the pilots' correct rate in HUD heading menus, the main effect of display formats was very significant (F=11. 418,P＜0. 001), and the interaction effect of the display formats and the total time of flight was significant(F=5. 802,P＜0. 01). The expectancy of correct rate that pilots accurately identified the analog scale Ⅰ with digital window was the highest. For the pilots' reaction time, the main effect of the type of participants was significant(F= 3. 226,P＜0.05), and the main effect of the total time of flight was significant(F= 5. 719, P＜0.05). For the pilots' subjective rating, the proportion distribution of the raters with "excellent, good, medium or bad" was very significant (x2=226. 324,P＜0. 001) ,and 88.7 percent pilots considered the analog scale Ⅰ with digital window excellent.Conclusion It was suggested that the analog scale Ⅰ with digital window was firstly adopted for the display formats with HUD velocity, height and heading in fighter.
