CAJ | 학술논문

空间环境是航天器的运行环境,直接关系到航天员和航天器的安全.监测、研究和预报空间环境,是保障航天员、航天器安全的一项重要手段.国内外载人航天工程逐步开展了辐射剂量、带电粒子、轨道大气、等离子体、空间碎片等空间环境参数探测.结合中国载人航天工程发展历程和阶段,着重介绍了中国神舟飞船、目标飞行器的空间环境探测研究情况,提出了后续空间站空间环境探测研究的建议.
공간배경시항천기적운행배경,직접관계도항천원화항천기적안전.감측、연구화예보공간배경,시보장항천원、항천기안전적일항중요수단.국내외재인항천공정축보개전료복사제량、대전입자、궤도대기、등리자체、공간쇄편등공간배경삼수탐측.결합중국재인항천공정발전역정화계단,착중개소료중국신주비선、목표비행기적공간배경탐측연구정황,제출료후속공간참공간배경탐측연구적건의.
Around the manned spacecraft's orbits in 300 to 500km altitude,there are all kinds of charged particles,neutral atmosphere,the electromagnetic fields,space debris etc.The space environment fluctuations in a manned spacecraft's orbit can significantly affect the safety of astronauts and spacecraft.The charged particles can cause SEU,SEL and the discharge of spacecraft's surface,even threaten the astronauts'safety.The retarded effects of neutral atmosphere make the spacecraft's orbit to descend.Oxygen denudation and oxygen contaminations of atmosphere also affect the solar cell's efficiency and the normal work of thermoregulation materials.To ensure astronauts' safety and normal operations of manned spacecraft,Space Environmental Monitors(SEMs)have been or will be mounted on Chinese manned spacecraft.Detection of SEMs enables us to understand better the space environment in the manned spacecraft's orbit,and to provide a good space environment service for astronauts and spacecraft.In addition,from the data of SEMs,we will conduct various scientific researches.The development of Chinese manned spacecraft is divided into 3 steps,and SEMs are used in each step.Space environmental detection in the first step is to have a preliminary understanding of space environment of manned spacecraft's orbits,and to provide the ensuring service for the formal manned flight.The second step considers Chinese feature.The two instruments installed can realize an integrated detection of charged particles and atmospheric environment.The first detector Can detect multi-direction particles,multi-energy spectrum,radiation dose and LET spectrum.The second detector can monitor atmospheric density,composition and contamination.The following step of space environmental detection pays attention to the safety of astronauts and spacecraft,as well as the new areas of detecting plasma,neutrals,cosmic rays and debris.