CAJ | 학술논문

利用3个来自云南低纬高原的粳稻品种和3个来自日本、韩国高纬平原地区的粳稻品种,以及应用完全双列杂交获得的30个F1为试验材料,利用加性-显性-母体效应(ADM)遗传模型,在5种不同生长环境下,对单株结实率、特定结实率、穗抽出度和抽穗天数等4个主要耐冷相关性状进行了遗传分析.4个耐冷相关性状中,单株结实率和特定结实率主要受基因型×环境互作效应的影响,不存在母体效应;单株结实率和特定结实率以互作广义遗传率最高,分别为63.5%和56.5%.单株结实率与特定结实率间的表现型、基因型、加性和显性效应的相关均达到极显著水平,相关系数介于 0.717～1.000;单株结实率与穗抽出度间的表现型、基因型、加性和显性效应相关也均达到极显著水平,相关系数介于0.161～0.975.穗抽出度的变异系数变幅最大,穗抽出度也是耐冷性鉴定评价中不可忽视的重要性状.穗抽出度和抽穗天数以广义遗传率为最大,分别为59.6%和81.4%.抽穗天数主要受遗传主效应控制,受环境的影响最小.低温胁迫是选择培育耐冷性品种的必要条件,一品稻(Ilpumbyeo)×昆明小白谷是培育强耐冷性粳稻新品种的最优组合.
이용3개래자운남저위고원적갱도품충화3개래자일본、한국고위평원지구적갱도품충,이급응용완전쌍렬잡교획득적30개F1위시험재료,이용가성-현성-모체효응(ADM)유전모형,재5충불동생장배경하,대단주결실솔、특정결실솔、수추출도화추수천수등4개주요내랭상관성상진행료유전분석.4개내랭상관성상중,단주결실솔화특정결실솔주요수기인형×배경호작효응적영향,불존재모체효응;단주결실솔화특정결실솔이호작엄의유전솔최고,분별위63.5%화56.5%.단주결실솔여특정결실솔간적표현형、기인형、가성화현성효응적상관균체도겁현저수평,상관계수개우 0.717～1.000;단주결실솔여수추출도간적표현형、기인형、가성화현성효응상관야균체도겁현저수평,상관계수개우0.161～0.975.수추출도적변이계수변폭최대,수추출도야시내랭성감정평개중불가홀시적중요성상.수추출도화추수천수이엄의유전솔위최대,분별위59.6%화81.4%.추수천수주요수유전주효응공제,수배경적영향최소.저온협박시선택배육내랭성품충적필요조건,일품도(Ilpumbyeo)×곤명소백곡시배육강내랭성갱도신품충적최우조합.
Six varieties including three varieties from low-latitude plateau in Yunnan Province, China, and the other three from high-latitude plain in Japan and Korea and their 30 F1 crosses obtained by complete diallel crossing were planted under five different environments. The genetic model of additive-dominance-maternal effects (ADM) was applied to genetic analysis on four traits related to cold tolerance, i.e. spikelet fertility (SF), specific spikelet fertility (SSF), panicle exsertion (PE) and days to heading (DH). The results showed that SF and SSF were mainly affected by interaction effect between genotype and environment, with little maternal effect. Interaction heritability in broad sense between genotype and environment for SF and SSF were 63.5% and 56.5%, respectively, the highest compared with other effect values for heritability. Correlations between phenotype, genotype, additive and dominant effects of SF and those of SSF reached significant level with the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.717 to 1.000. Correlations between phenotype, genotype, additive and dominant effects of SF and those of PE also reached significant level with the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.161 to 0.975. The range of coefficient of variation varied with the traits, and that of PE were the maximum compared with other three traits. Hence PE was also a valuable trait in evaluation of cold tolerance. As for to PE and DH, their broad-sense heritabilities were 59.6% and 81.4%, respectively, the biggest compared with other effect values for heritability. DH was mainly controlled by genetic effects, with the least influence by environmental conditions. The low-temperature stress should be one of the essential conditions to breed varieties with cold tolerance. A cross between Ilpumbyeo and Kunmingxiaobaigu was an optimum combination for breeding new cold tolerant japonica variety at the booting stage.