CAJ | 학술논문

在湖南祁阳进行了25年的生土熟化长期定位试验,研究花岗岩、第四纪红土和紫色砂页岩三种典型母质土壤在6种熟化方式下耕层(0-20 cm)土壤有机质演变特征.结果表明,不施肥处理土壤有机质含量25年没有显著变化;不施肥秸秆还田能够缓慢增加土壤有机质含量,三种母质(花岗岩、第四纪红土和紫色砂页岩)土壤的有机质含量年平均增加量分别为0.32、0.20和0.17 g/kg;施氮、磷、钾肥及施氮、磷、钾肥并秸秆还田,施有机物稻草及施有机物稻草并秸秆还田,三种母质土壤有机质含量均显著增加,其中以施氮、磷、钾肥并秸秆还田处理增加最大,年平均增加量分别为0.48、0.39和0.35 g/kg,25年后土壤有机质含量分别增加了5.6、2.8和3.1倍.根据土壤有机物的投入量、分解状况及作物生长等综合分析得出,花岗岩母质土壤有机质含量的增加速率大于紫色砂页岩土壤和第四纪红土土壤;有机无机肥配施和秸秆还田是快速提高南方红壤地区不同母质土壤有机质含量的重要措施.
재호남기양진행료25년적생토숙화장기정위시험,연구화강암、제사기홍토화자색사혈암삼충전형모질토양재6충숙화방식하경층(0-20 cm)토양유궤질연변특정.결과표명,불시비처리토양유궤질함량25년몰유현저변화;불시비갈간환전능구완만증가토양유궤질함량,삼충모질(화강암、제사기홍토화자색사혈암)토양적유궤질함량년평균증가량분별위0.32、0.20화0.17 g/kg;시담、린、갑비급시담、린、갑비병갈간환전,시유궤물도초급시유궤물도초병갈간환전,삼충모질토양유궤질함량균현저증가,기중이시담、린、갑비병갈간환전처리증가최대,년평균증가량분별위0.48、0.39화0.35 g/kg,25년후토양유궤질함량분별증가료5.6、2.8화3.1배.근거토양유궤물적투입량、분해상황급작물생장등종합분석득출,화강암모질토양유궤질함량적증가속솔대우자색사혈암토양화제사기홍토토양;유궤무궤비배시화갈간환전시쾌속제고남방홍양지구불동모질토양유궤질함량적중요조시.
Soil organic matter changes in the 0–20 cm soil layer of Granite red soil, Quaternary red clay soil and Purple sandy shale soil were studied by using a long-term field experiment from 1982 to 2007 at Qiyang long-term raw soils anthropogenic mellowing field experiment site. There were 6 fertilizer treatments in the experiment. Results indicated that there are not any significant increases of soil organic matter contents in the no-fertilizer treatments, and there are slow increases of soil organic matter in the no-fertilization-straw returned treatments and annual increasing rates of the three soils are were 0.32, 0.20 and 0.17 g/kg, respectively. There are significant increases of soil organic matter contents in the chemical fertilization treatments, chemical fertilization-straw returned treatments, dry rice straw treatments and dry rice straw-straw returned treatments, especially in the chemical-straw returned treatment, and the annual increasing rates of the three soil are 0.48, 0.39 and 0.35 g/kg in the dry rice straw-straw returned treatments. In general, the increasing rate of Granite red soil is higher than that of Quaternary red clay soil and Purple sandy shale soil, respectively. This result suggests that the combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers, and straw returned is an effective measure of increasing soil organic matter.