环境科学研究
環境科學研究
배경과학연구
RSEARCH OF ENUIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
2010年
4期
459-466
,共8页
主成分分析%湖泊%水库%表层水%重金属分布%云南省
主成分分析%湖泊%水庫%錶層水%重金屬分佈%雲南省
주성분분석%호박%수고%표층수%중금속분포%운남성
principal component analysis%lake%reservoir%surface water%heavy metals distribution%Yunnan Province
以云南省38个高原湖库为研究对象,测定了表层水体中Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr,Cd,As,Fe,Mn和Ni 9种重金属质量浓度. 运用主成分分析法对水体中的重金属分布情况和来源进行了分析. 结果表明:所调查的云南38个湖库水体中主要重金属的分布可由4个主成分来反映,其贡献率分别为F1(Zn,Mn,Cd)35.23%,F2(Pb,Ni)17.05%,F3(Fe,Cu)15.70%和F4(Cr,Fe)13.10%. 38个湖库表层水中均有多种不同质量浓度的重金属存在,在该调查时段,有8个湖库表层水体中部分重金属质量浓度超过<国家地表水环境质量标准>(GB3838-2002)Ⅲ类水标准限值,水质不符合饮用水标准;而其他30个湖库表层水体中重金属质量浓度符合Ⅱ类水标准. 在部分湖库中ρ(Fe),ρ(Mn),ρ(Zn),ρ(Cd)和ρ(Ni)超过Ⅲ类水标准限值,在表层水体中ρ(As),ρ(Cu),ρ(Cr)和ρ(Pb)较低,符合饮用水的标准要求. 主成分分析法能够较好地分析云南38个湖库水体中重金属的分布情况.
以雲南省38箇高原湖庫為研究對象,測定瞭錶層水體中Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr,Cd,As,Fe,Mn和Ni 9種重金屬質量濃度. 運用主成分分析法對水體中的重金屬分佈情況和來源進行瞭分析. 結果錶明:所調查的雲南38箇湖庫水體中主要重金屬的分佈可由4箇主成分來反映,其貢獻率分彆為F1(Zn,Mn,Cd)35.23%,F2(Pb,Ni)17.05%,F3(Fe,Cu)15.70%和F4(Cr,Fe)13.10%. 38箇湖庫錶層水中均有多種不同質量濃度的重金屬存在,在該調查時段,有8箇湖庫錶層水體中部分重金屬質量濃度超過<國傢地錶水環境質量標準>(GB3838-2002)Ⅲ類水標準限值,水質不符閤飲用水標準;而其他30箇湖庫錶層水體中重金屬質量濃度符閤Ⅱ類水標準. 在部分湖庫中ρ(Fe),ρ(Mn),ρ(Zn),ρ(Cd)和ρ(Ni)超過Ⅲ類水標準限值,在錶層水體中ρ(As),ρ(Cu),ρ(Cr)和ρ(Pb)較低,符閤飲用水的標準要求. 主成分分析法能夠較好地分析雲南38箇湖庫水體中重金屬的分佈情況.
이운남성38개고원호고위연구대상,측정료표층수체중Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr,Cd,As,Fe,Mn화Ni 9충중금속질량농도. 운용주성분분석법대수체중적중금속분포정황화래원진행료분석. 결과표명:소조사적운남38개호고수체중주요중금속적분포가유4개주성분래반영,기공헌솔분별위F1(Zn,Mn,Cd)35.23%,F2(Pb,Ni)17.05%,F3(Fe,Cu)15.70%화F4(Cr,Fe)13.10%. 38개호고표층수중균유다충불동질량농도적중금속존재,재해조사시단,유8개호고표층수체중부분중금속질량농도초과<국가지표수배경질량표준>(GB3838-2002)Ⅲ류수표준한치,수질불부합음용수표준;이기타30개호고표층수체중중금속질량농도부합Ⅱ류수표준. 재부분호고중ρ(Fe),ρ(Mn),ρ(Zn),ρ(Cd)화ρ(Ni)초과Ⅲ류수표준한치,재표층수체중ρ(As),ρ(Cu),ρ(Cr)화ρ(Pb)교저,부합음용수적표준요구. 주성분분석법능구교호지분석운남38개호고수체중중금속적분포정황.
Mass concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, As, Fe, Mn and Ni) in surface water of 38 lakes and reservoirs in Yunnan Province were determined. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to analyze the distributions and sources of heavy metals in the surface water. Results showed that the first four principal factors F1 (Zn, Mn, Cd), F2 (Pb, Ni), F3 (Fe, Cu) and F4 (Cr, Fe) could account for the principal distributions of heavy metals in the surface water. The percents of the total variance were 35.23%, 17.05%, 15.70% and 13.10% respectively. Pollution levels of heavy metals in the surface water were estimated according to Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB3838- 2002). The results revealed that there were different species and mass concentrations of heavy metals in the surface water of the 38 lakes and reservoirs. In the investigation period, mass concentrations of some heavy metals in the surface water of eight lakes or reservoirs exceeded the third class of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water and the recommended standard for drinking water, while mass concentrations of heavy metals in the surface water of the other 30 lakes or reservoirs accorded with the second class Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water. The surface water was partly suffering from Zn, Cd, Fe, Mn and Ni contamination. The mass concentrations of As, Cu, Cr and Pb were below the acceptable standards for drinking water. The information of PCA effectively revealed the distributions of heavy metals in the 38 lakes and reservoirs.
