CAJ | 학술논문

由于中国城市扩展导致部分气象站点被动进入城市内部,从而造成对区域气温的高估.本文利用遥感多期影像对中国700多个气象站点各历史时期的下垫面进行判别,得到"进城"站点及其进城时间.通过比较"进城"站点的观测数据和背景气温,计算出70年代以来"进城"气象站点上的平均热岛效应强度,并对热岛效应强度的季节性筹异进行了分析,得出70年代以来秋冬季节的热岛强度高于春季和夏季的结沦.通过比较真实气温和背景气温的空间数据,识别出了气温高估区域,得出中国东部地区的气温高估略高于中部地区,东部地区和中部地区的气温高估均远高于西部地区的结论.通过计算真实气温和背景气温序列的年平均气温变化趋势,得出近40年来全国的增温值约为1.58℃,其中凶城市扩展带来的增温贡献约为0.01℃,在气温高估的核心区域的贡献约为0.09℃.
유우중국성시확전도치부분기상참점피동진입성시내부,종이조성대구역기온적고고.본문이용요감다기영상대중국700다개기상참점각역사시기적하점면진행판별,득도"진성"참점급기진성시간.통과비교"진성"참점적관측수거화배경기온,계산출70년대이래"진성"기상참점상적평균열도효응강도,병대열도효응강도적계절성주이진행료분석,득출70년대이래추동계절적열도강도고우춘계화하계적결륜.통과비교진실기온화배경기온적공간수거,식별출료기온고고구역,득출중국동부지구적기온고고략고우중부지구,동부지구화중부지구적기온고고균원고우서부지구적결론.통과계산진실기온화배경기온서렬적년평균기온변화추세,득출근40년래전국적증온치약위1.58℃,기중흉성시확전대래적증온공헌약위0.01℃,재기온고고적핵심구역적공헌약위0.09℃.
Since the 1970s, some meteorological observation stations in China 'entered' into cities passively due to urban expansion. The changes in underlying surface and building environment around the stations have had influences on the observation of air temperature, leading to overestimation on the regional air temperature. In this study, the surface underlying 756 meteorological stations across China was firstly identified based on the MSS images of the 1970s, TM images fore-and-aft 1990, and ETM images fore-and-aft 2000 and 2005, to distinguish the stations that 'entered' into cities. Then, after removing the observed data at these stations influenced by urban expansion, we built a dataset of background air temperature by interpolating the observed data at all the left stations. The average Urban Heat-island Intensity (HI) since 1970 was estimated by comparing the two datasets. The results show that overestimation on regional air temperature does occur due to urban expansion, with higher HI in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. Spatially, the overestimation is relatively higher in eastern China than in the middle part of China, however it is much higher in the above two regions than in western China. In the last 40 years the average temperature in China increased by about 1.58 ℃, among which about 0.09 ℃ was attributed to urban expansion in some regions.