CAJ | 학술논문

背景:儿童忽视是儿童虐待的一个重要方面,已经成为一种严重的全球性问题.因此,有必要了解中国儿童忽视问题的现状和影响因素.目的:调查苏州市儿童忽视问题的现状和影响因素.设计:现况调查、对比分析.单位:苏州大学附属儿童医院.对象:于2003-03/10在苏州市选取1所公办幼儿园和2所民办幼儿园展开调查.按照自愿的原则,调查无明显身心疾患的儿童,且近1年与本问卷的应答人在一起生活.调查儿童370人,年龄为4～6岁,其中男童196人,女童174人.方法:对自愿者发放中国城市儿童忽视情况调查问卷,从身体(给孩子买水果、考虑孩子的营养需要、关心儿童的身高和体质量)、情感(与孩子聊天、带孩子一起游玩、鼓励孩子去做一些力所能及的事、注意听孩子讲自己的感受、家里来客人时将孩子介绍给客人、当孩子哭泣时喝令立即停止、关心孩子在幼儿园参加的活动)、教育(给孩子买图书、给孩子讲故事、识别并纠正孩子的不良行为、对孩子提出的问题认真的回答)、安全(对家中的电、火,注意孩子的防护措施、告诫孩子不能玩火柴、小刀或尖锐物、教孩子怎样穿行马路)和医疗(家中备有儿童常用药物、督促孩子刷牙、注意纠正孩子的不良姿势)5个层面20项内容分析儿童忽视的现状,要求应答人客观地填写最近1年的情况,对每一个问题仅选1项圈写(如从未有、偶尔有、经常有、一直有),不遗漏任何一个问题.同时调查父母的教育程度和职业.主要观察指标:儿童忽视的一般情况及不同家庭文化、职业对儿童忽视的影响.结果:发放问卷370份,收回合格问卷370份,有效率100%.①苏州市儿童在教育,医疗,安全等方面均能得到较好的关心和爱护,但在少数部分家庭仍存有忽视儿童身心发展的现象.②不同的家庭文化对有关儿童的医疗、安全和身体方面均能重视,但在教育和心理的发展方面大专以下文化的家庭存有一定忽视.③不同的家庭职业均能重视儿童的医疗、安全和身体方面,而教育和心理的发展的在家庭中的干部职业较好,在一般职业中却存有一些忽视.结论:苏州市儿童在教育、医疗和安全等方面均能得到较好的关心和爱护,但在教育和情感上存有某些不良的儿童忽视现象,与其家庭中父母的文化、职业有关.儿童的忽视需要进一步研究评价和干预措施. 揹景:兒童忽視是兒童虐待的一箇重要方麵,已經成為一種嚴重的全毬性問題.因此,有必要瞭解中國兒童忽視問題的現狀和影響因素.目的:調查囌州市兒童忽視問題的現狀和影響因素.設計:現況調查、對比分析.單位:囌州大學附屬兒童醫院.對象:于2003-03/10在囌州市選取1所公辦幼兒園和2所民辦幼兒園展開調查.按照自願的原則,調查無明顯身心疾患的兒童,且近1年與本問捲的應答人在一起生活.調查兒童370人,年齡為4～6歲,其中男童196人,女童174人.方法:對自願者髮放中國城市兒童忽視情況調查問捲,從身體(給孩子買水果、攷慮孩子的營養需要、關心兒童的身高和體質量)、情感(與孩子聊天、帶孩子一起遊玩、鼓勵孩子去做一些力所能及的事、註意聽孩子講自己的感受、傢裏來客人時將孩子介紹給客人、噹孩子哭泣時喝令立即停止、關心孩子在幼兒園參加的活動)、教育(給孩子買圖書、給孩子講故事、識彆併糾正孩子的不良行為、對孩子提齣的問題認真的迴答)、安全(對傢中的電、火,註意孩子的防護措施、告誡孩子不能玩火柴、小刀或尖銳物、教孩子怎樣穿行馬路)和醫療(傢中備有兒童常用藥物、督促孩子刷牙、註意糾正孩子的不良姿勢)5箇層麵20項內容分析兒童忽視的現狀,要求應答人客觀地填寫最近1年的情況,對每一箇問題僅選1項圈寫(如從未有、偶爾有、經常有、一直有),不遺漏任何一箇問題.同時調查父母的教育程度和職業.主要觀察指標:兒童忽視的一般情況及不同傢庭文化、職業對兒童忽視的影響.結果:髮放問捲370份,收迴閤格問捲370份,有效率100%.①囌州市兒童在教育,醫療,安全等方麵均能得到較好的關心和愛護,但在少數部分傢庭仍存有忽視兒童身心髮展的現象.②不同的傢庭文化對有關兒童的醫療、安全和身體方麵均能重視,但在教育和心理的髮展方麵大專以下文化的傢庭存有一定忽視.③不同的傢庭職業均能重視兒童的醫療、安全和身體方麵,而教育和心理的髮展的在傢庭中的榦部職業較好,在一般職業中卻存有一些忽視.結論:囌州市兒童在教育、醫療和安全等方麵均能得到較好的關心和愛護,但在教育和情感上存有某些不良的兒童忽視現象,與其傢庭中父母的文化、職業有關.兒童的忽視需要進一步研究評價和榦預措施.
배경:인동홀시시인동학대적일개중요방면,이경성위일충엄중적전구성문제.인차,유필요료해중국인동홀시문제적현상화영향인소.목적:조사소주시인동홀시문제적현상화영향인소.설계:현황조사、대비분석.단위:소주대학부속인동의원.대상:우2003-03/10재소주시선취1소공판유인완화2소민판유인완전개조사.안조자원적원칙,조사무명현신심질환적인동,차근1년여본문권적응답인재일기생활.조사인동370인,년령위4～6세,기중남동196인,녀동174인.방법:대자원자발방중국성시인동홀시정황조사문권,종신체(급해자매수과、고필해자적영양수요、관심인동적신고화체질량)、정감(여해자료천、대해자일기유완、고려해자거주일사력소능급적사、주의은해자강자기적감수、가리래객인시장해자개소급객인、당해자곡읍시갈령립즉정지、관심해자재유인완삼가적활동)、교육(급해자매도서、급해자강고사、식별병규정해자적불량행위、대해자제출적문제인진적회답)、안전(대가중적전、화,주의해자적방호조시、고계해자불능완화시、소도혹첨예물、교해자즘양천행마로)화의료(가중비유인동상용약물、독촉해자쇄아、주의규정해자적불량자세)5개층면20항내용분석인동홀시적현상,요구응답인객관지전사최근1년적정황,대매일개문제부선1항권사(여종미유、우이유、경상유、일직유),불유루임하일개문제.동시조사부모적교육정도화직업.주요관찰지표:인동홀시적일반정황급불동가정문화、직업대인동홀시적영향.결과:발방문권370빈,수회합격문권370빈,유효솔100%.①소주시인동재교육,의료,안전등방면균능득도교호적관심화애호,단재소수부분가정잉존유홀시인동신심발전적현상.②불동적가정문화대유관인동적의료、안전화신체방면균능중시,단재교육화심리적발전방면대전이하문화적가정존유일정홀시.③불동적가정직업균능중시인동적의료、안전화신체방면,이교육화심리적발전적재가정중적간부직업교호,재일반직업중각존유일사홀시.결론:소주시인동재교육、의료화안전등방면균능득도교호적관심화애호,단재교육화정감상존유모사불량적인동홀시현상,여기가정중부모적문화、직업유관.인동적홀시수요진일보연구평개화간예조시.
BACKGROUND: Child neglect is one of the most important aspects of child abuse and has become a serious problem influencing children's development all over the world. Therefore, it is necessary to nderstand the current conditions and influential factors of child neglect and establish effective evaluation methods in China.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current conditions and influential factors of urban child neglect in Suzhou city.DESIGN: A comparative analysis of sampling survey.SETTING: Department of Children's Health Care, Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: This study was conducted in one public kindergarten and two private kindergartens of urban areas in Suzhou city between March and October 2003. Totally 370 children (196 boys and 174 girls) aged between 4 to 6 years old without obvious physical and mental diseases were voluntarily investigated, and they had been living with the person that answered the questionnaire regarding to child neglect in China in the recent 1 year. METHODS: Questionnaire regarding to child neglect in China was sent to each volunteer.he questionnaire evaluates the current conditions of child neglect by 20 items of 5 aspects including physical care (buy fruit for child, consider the nutritional need of child, care about the body height and body mass of child), emotional care (chat with child, play and tour with child, encourage child to do the things whatever they can, listen to what the child feels, introduce the child to the guests when they come to your home, let him or her stop immediately when child cries, care about the activities in kindergarten), education care (buy books for child, tell stories to child, recognize and correct the bad behavior of child, answer the questions asked by child seriously), safety care (protections against fire and electricity at home, warn child against matches, knives and other sharp things, teach child how to cross the road) and health care (prepare the common medicine for child at home, urge child to brush teeth, correct the bad posture). The volunteers were asked to answer each question objectively according to the conditions of child within the recent 1 year, and each question should be answered by selecting only one choice (never, occasionally, usually, always), and anyone should not be omitted. Meanwhile,the educational background and occupation of the parents were also investigated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The general status of child neglect and the effects of different family educational background and occupation of parents on child neglect were observed. RESULTS: Totally 370 questionnaires were sent out, and 370 qualified ones were recollected, the effective rate was 100%. ① In Suzhou city, the children were given better regards and good care in the aspects of education, medicine and safety, but neglects on children's physical and mental care still exists in a few families. ② Families of different educational background could think highly of the medical care, safety and psychical care of children, but neglects on education and emotional development more commonly existed in the families with the educational background under university. ③ All the families with different occupation could think highly of the medical care, safety and physical care of the children, but education and emotional development were better in the cadre families than in the ordinary families.CONCLUSION: In Suzhou city, the children are given better regards and good care in the aspects of education, medicine and safety, but some bad manifestations of child neglect exist in education and emotion, which are associated with the educational background and occupation of the parents.Further studies about the evaluation, prevention and intervention are needed for child neglect in China.