中华劳动卫生职业病杂志
中華勞動衛生職業病雜誌
중화노동위생직업병잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
2001年
2期
83-86
,共4页
保毓书%胡永华%符绍莲%李宏
保毓書%鬍永華%符紹蓮%李宏
보육서%호영화%부소련%리굉
职业有害因素%妊娠经过%妊娠结局
職業有害因素%妊娠經過%妊娠結跼
직업유해인소%임신경과%임신결국
目的 探讨应用医院产科记录资料进行职业有害因素对妊娠经过和妊娠结局影响研究的实用价值。方法 设计专用调查表对北京市8所医院产科病房住院分娩的12 224名初产妇进行个案调查。根据产科记录及于产妇出院前由医护人员进行的问卷调查，收集产妇的一般情况；本次妊娠时的妊娠并发症、妊娠结局及分娩并发症；以及孕期接触职业有害因素情况等资料。从中抽取孕期接触职业有害因素的产例(接触组)以及孕期未接触任何职业有害因素的产例(对照组)分别组成队列，分析不良妊娠经过和结局与孕期接触职业有害因素有无关联。对潜在的混杂因素(年龄、孕期吸烟或饮酒、自然流产史等)采用Logistic回归分析。结果 孕期职业接触噪声者1 272例，孕期职业接触全身振动者599例，孕期职业接触有毒化学物质者1 006例，对照组9 260例。接噪组妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)、早产、低出生体重、宫内发育迟缓、产后出血的发病率(分别为10.2%、4.9%、3.8%、2.5%、4.7%)增高，与对照组(分别为8.1%、3.4%、2.6%、1.5%、3.4%)比较，差异有显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01)；接振组妊高征、早产、低出生体重、宫内发育迟缓、产后出血的发病率(分别为11.9%、5.8%、4.0%、2.5%、7.2%)增高，接毒组妊高征、早产、产后出血的发病率(分别为10.6%、4.8%、6.4%)增高，与对照组比较，差异均有显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果与单因素分析结果一致。结论 应用医院产科记录资料结合出院前随访产妇的方法收集资料，进行职业有害因素对妊娠经过和结局影响的研究是可行的，可为发现职业有害因素是否有导致不良妊娠经过和结局发生的危险提供线索，并具有资料来源可靠，信息偏倚少，易于获得较多信息等优点。
目的 探討應用醫院產科記錄資料進行職業有害因素對妊娠經過和妊娠結跼影響研究的實用價值。方法 設計專用調查錶對北京市8所醫院產科病房住院分娩的12 224名初產婦進行箇案調查。根據產科記錄及于產婦齣院前由醫護人員進行的問捲調查，收集產婦的一般情況；本次妊娠時的妊娠併髮癥、妊娠結跼及分娩併髮癥；以及孕期接觸職業有害因素情況等資料。從中抽取孕期接觸職業有害因素的產例(接觸組)以及孕期未接觸任何職業有害因素的產例(對照組)分彆組成隊列，分析不良妊娠經過和結跼與孕期接觸職業有害因素有無關聯。對潛在的混雜因素(年齡、孕期吸煙或飲酒、自然流產史等)採用Logistic迴歸分析。結果 孕期職業接觸譟聲者1 272例，孕期職業接觸全身振動者599例，孕期職業接觸有毒化學物質者1 006例，對照組9 260例。接譟組妊娠高血壓綜閤徵(妊高徵)、早產、低齣生體重、宮內髮育遲緩、產後齣血的髮病率(分彆為10.2%、4.9%、3.8%、2.5%、4.7%)增高，與對照組(分彆為8.1%、3.4%、2.6%、1.5%、3.4%)比較，差異有顯著性(P<0.05或P<0.01)；接振組妊高徵、早產、低齣生體重、宮內髮育遲緩、產後齣血的髮病率(分彆為11.9%、5.8%、4.0%、2.5%、7.2%)增高，接毒組妊高徵、早產、產後齣血的髮病率(分彆為10.6%、4.8%、6.4%)增高，與對照組比較，差異均有顯著性(P<0.05或P<0.01)。Logistic迴歸分析結果與單因素分析結果一緻。結論 應用醫院產科記錄資料結閤齣院前隨訪產婦的方法收集資料，進行職業有害因素對妊娠經過和結跼影響的研究是可行的，可為髮現職業有害因素是否有導緻不良妊娠經過和結跼髮生的危險提供線索，併具有資料來源可靠，信息偏倚少，易于穫得較多信息等優點。
목적 탐토응용의원산과기록자료진행직업유해인소대임신경과화임신결국영향연구적실용개치。방법 설계전용조사표대북경시8소의원산과병방주원분면적12 224명초산부진행개안조사。근거산과기록급우산부출원전유의호인원진행적문권조사，수집산부적일반정황；본차임신시적임신병발증、임신결국급분면병발증；이급잉기접촉직업유해인소정황등자료。종중추취잉기접촉직업유해인소적산례(접촉조)이급잉기미접촉임하직업유해인소적산례(대조조)분별조성대렬，분석불량임신경과화결국여잉기접촉직업유해인소유무관련。대잠재적혼잡인소(년령、잉기흡연혹음주、자연유산사등)채용Logistic회귀분석。결과 잉기직업접촉조성자1 272례，잉기직업접촉전신진동자599례，잉기직업접촉유독화학물질자1 006례，대조조9 260례。접조조임신고혈압종합정(임고정)、조산、저출생체중、궁내발육지완、산후출혈적발병솔(분별위10.2%、4.9%、3.8%、2.5%、4.7%)증고，여대조조(분별위8.1%、3.4%、2.6%、1.5%、3.4%)비교，차이유현저성(P<0.05혹P<0.01)；접진조임고정、조산、저출생체중、궁내발육지완、산후출혈적발병솔(분별위11.9%、5.8%、4.0%、2.5%、7.2%)증고，접독조임고정、조산、산후출혈적발병솔(분별위10.6%、4.8%、6.4%)증고，여대조조비교，차이균유현저성(P<0.05혹P<0.01)。Logistic회귀분석결과여단인소분석결과일치。결론 응용의원산과기록자료결합출원전수방산부적방법수집자료，진행직업유해인소대임신경과화결국영향적연구시가행적，가위발현직업유해인소시부유도치불량임신경과화결국발생적위험제공선색，병구유자료래원가고，신식편의소，역우획득교다신식등우점。
Objective To explore the practial value of investigation of the effects of occupational hazards on course and outcome of pregnancy using obstetrical data of hospitals. Methods 12 224 primiparae in obstetrical wards of 8 hospitals in Beijing were investigated by questionnaire,to obtain the materials about general condition such as age,occupation especially the condition of exposed to occupational hazards and conditions of pregnancy outcome and complications of pregnancy and delivery.Cohort study was performed by selecting the cases exposed to occupational hazards during pregnancy as exposed groups,and the cases not exposed to any occupational hazards as control group.The relationship between the adverse pregnancy course,pregnancy outcome and exposure to occupational hazards during pregnancy were analysed.The potencial confounded factors were adjusted with Logistic regression. Results The incidences of pregnancy induced hypertension,premature labor,low birth weight,intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR),and postpartum hemorrhage in the groups exposed to noise(1 272 cases) were 10.2%,4.9%,3.8%,2.5% and 4.7% respectively,and in the group exposed to whole body vibration(599 cases) were 11.9%,5.8%,4.0%,2.5%,and 7.2% respectively,whereas those in the control group(9 260 cases) were 8.1%,3.4%,2.6%,1.5% and 3.4% respectively,(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The incidences of pregnancy induced hypertention,premature labor,and postpartum hemorrhage in group exposed to toxic chemicals(1 006 cases) were 10.6%,4.8% and 6.4% respectively,(P<0.05 or P<0.01).All were significantly higher than those of control group.The result was the same after the confounders were adjusted by Logistic regression. Conclusion Using obstetrical data and questionnaire of puerpera before discharge from hospital could provide clue to whether some occupational hazards have adverse effects on pregnancy course and pregnancy outcome or not.
