CAJ | 학술논문

库姆塔格沙漠,地跨新疆、甘肃2省区；东起敦煌鸣沙山、西临罗布泊、南依阿尔金山、北抵阿奇克谷地;面积超过2万km2.境内气候极端干旱,地貌类型复杂、沙丘类型多样,是“羽毛状沙丘”在我国的唯一分布区.受自然条件和技术装备等制约,一直是我国八大沙漠中综合科考的最后空白.2006年,“库姆塔格沙漠综合科学考察”被列为首批国家科技基础性工作专项重点项目,历时4年,取得了丰硕成果,填补了多项沙漠科考和研究空白.主要包括:(1)首次发现、命名并定义了“沙砾碛”这一库姆塔格独特的地貌类型；初步探明了该沙漠独有的“羽毛状”沙丘的形态学特征及形成过程；(2)基本探明了库姆塔格沙漠地表沉积物的矿物组成及2个主要物源端元,揭示了晚新生代沉积物特征和地层序列；(3)初步确定了库姆塔格沙漠地区古风成砂的形成时代,并阐明了该沙漠的成因和演化过程；(4)初步查清了库姆塔格沙漠地区现代水系分布及水文特征,绘制完成中更新世晚期、汉、唐、清、民国、现代6个时期的水系演变图；(5)首次确认了库姆塔格沙漠土壤类型及其发育过程和区域分布特征；(6)首次建立了全方位、全天候、全覆盖的库姆塔格沙漠气象观测场,实现了基于卫星传输的气象数据实时采集,初步摸清了羽毛状沙丘形成的动力条件及周边气候演变趋势；(7)基本查清了库姆塔格沙漠野生动植物种群、数量和分布区域,特别是发现了沙生柽柳、白花柽柳、侧花沙蓬等6种植物的分布新区；(8)系统调查了国家一级保护动物双峰野骆驼种群及其生境,对野骆驼的行为生态学进行定位观测研究；(9)完成了沙漠及其周边地区的生态经济功能分区,提出了“大敦煌”区域可持续发展的战略对策,为拯救敦煌绿洲、保护敦煌文化遗产提供了重要科学依据. 庫姆塔格沙漠,地跨新疆、甘肅2省區；東起敦煌鳴沙山、西臨囉佈泊、南依阿爾金山、北牴阿奇剋穀地;麵積超過2萬km2.境內氣候極耑榦旱,地貌類型複雜、沙丘類型多樣,是“羽毛狀沙丘”在我國的唯一分佈區.受自然條件和技術裝備等製約,一直是我國八大沙漠中綜閤科攷的最後空白.2006年,“庫姆塔格沙漠綜閤科學攷察”被列為首批國傢科技基礎性工作專項重點項目,歷時4年,取得瞭豐碩成果,填補瞭多項沙漠科攷和研究空白.主要包括:(1)首次髮現、命名併定義瞭“沙礫磧”這一庫姆塔格獨特的地貌類型；初步探明瞭該沙漠獨有的“羽毛狀”沙丘的形態學特徵及形成過程；(2)基本探明瞭庫姆塔格沙漠地錶沉積物的礦物組成及2箇主要物源耑元,揭示瞭晚新生代沉積物特徵和地層序列；(3)初步確定瞭庫姆塔格沙漠地區古風成砂的形成時代,併闡明瞭該沙漠的成因和縯化過程；(4)初步查清瞭庫姆塔格沙漠地區現代水繫分佈及水文特徵,繪製完成中更新世晚期、漢、唐、清、民國、現代6箇時期的水繫縯變圖；(5)首次確認瞭庫姆塔格沙漠土壤類型及其髮育過程和區域分佈特徵；(6)首次建立瞭全方位、全天候、全覆蓋的庫姆塔格沙漠氣象觀測場,實現瞭基于衛星傳輸的氣象數據實時採集,初步摸清瞭羽毛狀沙丘形成的動力條件及週邊氣候縯變趨勢；(7)基本查清瞭庫姆塔格沙漠野生動植物種群、數量和分佈區域,特彆是髮現瞭沙生檉柳、白花檉柳、側花沙蓬等6種植物的分佈新區；(8)繫統調查瞭國傢一級保護動物雙峰野駱駝種群及其生境,對野駱駝的行為生態學進行定位觀測研究；(9)完成瞭沙漠及其週邊地區的生態經濟功能分區,提齣瞭“大敦煌”區域可持續髮展的戰略對策,為拯救敦煌綠洲、保護敦煌文化遺產提供瞭重要科學依據.
고모탑격사막,지과신강、감숙2성구；동기돈황명사산、서림라포박、남의아이금산、북저아기극곡지;면적초과2만km2.경내기후겁단간한,지모류형복잡、사구류형다양,시“우모상사구”재아국적유일분포구.수자연조건화기술장비등제약,일직시아국팔대사막중종합과고적최후공백.2006년,“고모탑격사막종합과학고찰”피렬위수비국가과기기출성공작전항중점항목,력시4년,취득료봉석성과,전보료다항사막과고화연구공백.주요포괄:(1)수차발현、명명병정의료“사력적”저일고모탑격독특적지모류형；초보탐명료해사막독유적“우모상”사구적형태학특정급형성과정；(2)기본탐명료고모탑격사막지표침적물적광물조성급2개주요물원단원,게시료만신생대침적물특정화지층서렬；(3)초보학정료고모탑격사막지구고풍성사적형성시대,병천명료해사막적성인화연화과정；(4)초보사청료고모탑격사막지구현대수계분포급수문특정,회제완성중경신세만기、한、당、청、민국、현대6개시기적수계연변도；(5)수차학인료고모탑격사막토양류형급기발육과정화구역분포특정；(6)수차건립료전방위、전천후、전복개적고모탑격사막기상관측장,실현료기우위성전수적기상수거실시채집,초보모청료우모상사구형성적동력조건급주변기후연변추세；(7)기본사청료고모탑격사막야생동식물충군、수량화분포구역,특별시발현료사생정류、백화정류、측화사봉등6충식물적분포신구；(8)계통조사료국가일급보호동물쌍봉야락타충군급기생경,대야락타적행위생태학진행정위관측연구；(9)완성료사막급기주변지구적생태경제공능분구,제출료“대돈황”구역가지속발전적전략대책,위증구돈황록주、보호돈황문화유산제공료중요과학의거.
The Kumtag Desert,the fourth largest sand desert covered mainly by mobile dunes and shifting sands,had remained as the last untouched natural desert to be fully investigated in a scientific way.Therefore,“Integrated Scientific Expedition of the Kumtag Desert Programme” was listed as one of nine key research programmes of China National Science and Technology Basic Research Programmes in December,2006.The expedition team carried out two large-scale and multidisciplinary scientific expeditions from June 2007 to December 2009,to the Kumtag Desert and collected more than 20 sets of field samples and ground observations.Finally,the expedition team completed not only systematic and integrated scientific expedition of the Kumtag Desert and filled in the gap of the last unexplored desert in China,but also gained fruitful research results in many scientific research subjects.These research results included that: (i) A unique aeolian landform unit,sand-gravel-moraine,developed in the Kumtag Desert,was defined and named for the first time,and the morphologic characteristics of feather-like longitudinal sand dune and its formation process are initially proved; (ii) Two sources and mineral element composition of the surface sedimentation of the Kumtag Desert was determined,and the characteristics of the desert sedimentation and stratum chronology of the Later Cenozoic Era was illustrated; (iii) The chronology of the paleo-aeolian sand was essentially determined and the formation courses and evolution process of the desert was illustrated; (iv) The thorough investigations of water system distribution,hydrology,chemical characteristics of water of the Kumtag Desert were made and six Water System Evolution Maps of the Kumtag Desert were compiled from the Later Cenozoic Era to the contemporary age; (v)The types,formation processes and distribution of soil in the Kumtag Desert were fully determined; (vi) An all-direction,all-weather,full-coverage desert meteorology observation was established and the characteristics and trend of climate change of the Kumtag Desert and nearby districts were adequately illustrated; (vii) It is the first time that the distribution areas of six plant species,including Tamarix taklamakanensis,Tamarix albiflonum,Agriophyllum lateriflorum etc.,were catalogued in the Desert; (viii)The varieties,population,quantity and distribution of the wild animal such as the Bactrian Camel (Camelus ferus Przewalski),are now documented; And (ix) it is the first time that the ecological services and economic function subdivision zones of the Kumtag Desert were classified; the Framework of the Great Dunhuang Special Ecological-Economic Zone was proposed to realize the sustainable development strategy in population,resources,environment,ecology and economics in the Kumtag Desert and nearby districts.