CAJ | 학술논문

了解气候变化对内蒙古种植业结构的影响,是有效制定应对措施和政策的重要依据.本文以全区4个主要产粮区为代表,利用近50a的气候资料和近27a作物生育期资料,分析了当地气候变化特征及其对主要作物物候期和种植面积的影响.结果表明:近50a来,内蒙古主要农业区温度明显升高,≥10℃积温增加了350～570℃·d,河套灌区和大兴安岭东麓地区增温幅度大于阴山北部丘陵区和科尔沁地区.东西部地区的降水量变化差别较大,科尔沁和大兴安岭东麓地区生长季降水量减少了44.0mm和55.0mm,河套灌区和阴山北部丘陵区则增加了10.4mm和2.4mm.玉米春季物候期提前,秋季物候期推后,物候期延长了10～20d,大兴安岭东麓延长最为明显;春小麦和大豆则由于温度升高加快了发育进程,表现为全生育期缩短;马铃薯全生育期变化不明显,但可收期普遍延迟.玉米、马铃薯种植面积扩大,春小麦种植面积减小,玉米种植界限向北延伸等与气候变暖的关系密切.
료해기후변화대내몽고충식업결구적영향,시유효제정응대조시화정책적중요의거.본문이전구4개주요산량구위대표,이용근50a적기후자료화근27a작물생육기자료,분석료당지기후변화특정급기대주요작물물후기화충식면적적영향.결과표명:근50a래,내몽고주요농업구온도명현승고,≥10℃적온증가료350～570℃·d,하투관구화대흥안령동록지구증온폭도대우음산북부구릉구화과이심지구.동서부지구적강수량변화차별교대,과이심화대흥안령동록지구생장계강수량감소료44.0mm화55.0mm,하투관구화음산북부구릉구칙증가료10.4mm화2.4mm.옥미춘계물후기제전,추계물후기추후,물후기연장료10～20d,대흥안령동록연장최위명현;춘소맥화대두칙유우온도승고가쾌료발육진정,표현위전생육기축단;마령서전생육기변화불명현,단가수기보편연지.옥미、마령서충식면적확대,춘소맥충식면적감소,옥미충식계한향북연신등여기후변난적관계밀절.
Understanding the impact of climate change on plants structure in Inner Mongolian was important basis for making policy effectively. Climate change and its impact on main crops phenophase and planting area in four main grain-producing areas of Inner Mongolia were analyzed based on the climate data in recent 50 years and crops growing season data in recent 27 years. The results showed that temperature of main agricultural areas in Inner Mongolia increased significantly in recent 50 years, accumulated temperature above 10℃ increased by 350～570℃. The temperature of Hetao irrigation area and eastern of Daxinganling increased more than northern of Yinshan and Keerqin area. There was great difference between the eastern and western region on precipitation change. The precipitation during growing season of Keerqin area and eastern of Daxinganling decreased 44mm and 55mm respectively, but increased 10. 4mm and 2. 4mm in Hetao irrigation area and the northern Yinshan respectively. Spring phenophase of maize was advanced and autumn phenophase was postponed, totally approaching 10 ~20days, in which the most obvious region was the eastern Daxinganling. As temperature increasing accelerated developing process, the whole growing season of spring wheat and soybean was shortened, but it was not obvious for potato except for its harvesting time delayed a little. Climate warming was closely interrelated with expanding of planting areas of maize and potato, decreasing of planting areas of spring wheat and the northward extension of maize planting boundary.