CAJ | 학술논문

采用室内和田间测试二甲基二硫醚(DMDS)、二烯丙基二硫醚(DADS)、异硫氰酸烯丙酯(AITC)、二硫氰基甲烷(MBTC)、四硫代碳酸钠(STTC)、大扫灭(Dazomet,DZM)和钾.威百亩(K-Vapam)等有机硫熏蒸剂对土壤植物病原物控制效果.结果表明:供试药剂对土壤真菌抑杀能力顺序为DZM=MBTC≥DADS=AITC≥STTC=DMDS;对土壤细菌抑杀能力顺序为AITC≥MBTC=DZM:DADS≥DMDS=STTC.供试药剂中仅AITC和DZM对杂草有较强抑杀力,杂草密度比对照降低73.6%和94.7%.供试药剂对植物线虫和自由生活线虫均有较高毒力,AITC对根结线虫二龄幼虫击倒力最强,LG_(94)<0.5 μg/mL.播前土壤处理显著降低了菜豆镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)根腐病病情指数和线虫的根结指数,防效顺序为AITC=MBTC=DZM≥DADS=DMDS≥STTC.对几种蔬菜作物的安全性为STTC>MBTC>DADS>AITC>K-Vapam=DZM,甘蓝和白菜对AITC的耐药性高于其他供试作物.土壤穴处理数小时后,移栽3叶期带基质番茄苗试验所有处理的线虫密度、根结指数比对照显著降低,处理与对照立苗无明显差别.2%DADS和2%AITC粉粒剂处理的番茄苗发生了药害,下部叶片落黄且比对照晚发4～5 d.
채용실내화전간측시이갑기이류미(DMDS)、이희병기이류미(DADS)、이류청산희병지(AITC)、이류청기갑완(MBTC)、사류대탄산납(STTC)、대소멸(Dazomet,DZM)화갑.위백무(K-Vapam)등유궤류훈증제대토양식물병원물공제효과.결과표명:공시약제대토양진균억살능력순서위DZM=MBTC≥DADS=AITC≥STTC=DMDS;대토양세균억살능력순서위AITC≥MBTC=DZM:DADS≥DMDS=STTC.공시약제중부AITC화DZM대잡초유교강억살력,잡초밀도비대조강저73.6%화94.7%.공시약제대식물선충화자유생활선충균유교고독력,AITC대근결선충이령유충격도력최강,LG_(94)<0.5 μg/mL.파전토양처리현저강저료채두렴도균(Fusarium solani)근부병병정지수화선충적근결지수,방효순서위AITC=MBTC=DZM≥DADS=DMDS≥STTC.대궤충소채작물적안전성위STTC>MBTC>DADS>AITC>K-Vapam=DZM,감람화백채대AITC적내약성고우기타공시작물.토양혈처리수소시후,이재3협기대기질번가묘시험소유처리적선충밀도、근결지수비대조현저강저,처리여대조립묘무명현차별.2%DADS화2%AITC분립제처리적번가묘발생료약해,하부협편락황차비대조만발4～5 d.
The control efficacies of such organic sulfide fumigants as aIlvlIsothiocvante(AITC),diallyldisulfide(DADS),dimethlyldisulfide(DMDS),methylene-(bis)thiocyanate(MBTC),sodium tetrathiocyanate(STTC),dazomet(DZM)and K-Vapam on soil plant pathogens were tested under laboratory and greenhouse.The results showed that the order of the inhibiting effects of tested fumigants on soil fungi was DZM=MBTC≥DADS=AITC≥STTC=DMDS,and the order of their inhibiting effects on soll bacteria was AITC≥MBTC=DZM:DADS≥DMDS=STTC.Among the tested fumigants only AITC and DZM demonstrated a strong inhibiting effect on weeds.decreasing bv 73.6%～94.7%in weed density.All the tested fumigants had a quite high toxicity to plant nematodes and free1iving nematodes.AITC had the greatest toxicity to the 2nd-stadium larvae of root-knot nematodes,with LC_(90)<0.5μg/mL.The soll treatment with fumigants before seeding significantly decreased rootrot(Fusarium solanf)of kidney bean and root knot index,and the order of fumigants in the control efficacy was AITC=MBTC=DZM≥DADS=DMDS≥STTC.The order of fumigants in safety to vegetables was STTC>MBTC>DADS>TITC>K.Vapam=DZM.Cabbage was more tolerant to AITC than other crops.Compared with CK,treating planting holes with fumigants(except 2%DADS dust and 2%AITC dust)and then transplanting two-leaf-stage seedlings of tomato together with medium on the same day could significantly reduce soil nematode population and root-knot index,and there was not significant difference in seedling establishment between CK and the treatment.The treatment with 2%DADS dust and 2%AITC dust produced chemical injury for the tomato seedlings.