CAJ | 학술논문

通过对文献资料的分析指出,华北平原区施肥对农田环境可能造成的立体污染主要包括对地表水、地下水、大气、土壤以及农产品的污染.施肥对地表水的污染主要表现为水体的富营养化,白洋淀污染物中氮磷的输入量分别占总输入量的50.6%和34.1%;施肥对地下水的污染主要是造成地下水硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐超标;施肥对大气的污染主要是增加了N_2O的排放,整个华北平原区因氮肥施用导致的N_2O排放量每年约为2.25万t;施肥对土壤的污染包括重金属累积、养分失调、肥力下降、次生盐渍化多个方面;施肥对农产品的污染主要表现为农产品硝酸盐超标和重金属污染.农田优化施肥技术如控制肥料用量、平衡施肥、水肥合理配合、适当的施肥方法与施肥时期、缓控释肥料的应用等是提高肥料利用率、控制或减少农田立体污染的主要途径.
통과대문헌자료적분석지출,화북평원구시비대농전배경가능조성적입체오염주요포괄대지표수、지하수、대기、토양이급농산품적오염.시비대지표수적오염주요표현위수체적부영양화,백양정오염물중담린적수입량분별점총수입량적50.6%화34.1%;시비대지하수적오염주요시조성지하수초산염혹아초산염초표;시비대대기적오염주요시증가료N_2O적배방,정개화북평원구인담비시용도치적N_2O배방량매년약위2.25만t;시비대토양적오염포괄중금속루적、양분실조、비력하강、차생염지화다개방면;시비대농산품적오염주요표현위농산품초산염초표화중금속오염.농전우화시비기술여공제비료용량、평형시비、수비합리배합、괄당적시비방법여시비시기、완공석비료적응용등시제고비료이용솔、공제혹감소농전입체오염적주요도경.
Through literature summarization, the possible agricultural tridimension pollution to the farmland environment due to fertilization in northern China plain includes the pollution to the surface water, to the underground water, to the atmosphere, to the soil and to the farming products. The surface water pollution is mainly its nutrition enrichment, such as the Baiyangdian lake, in which the content of N and P takes 50.6% and 34.1% of the total contamination substance respectively. The underground water pollution is mainly the extra high content of the nitrate or nitrite. The atmosphere pollution is mainly caused by the increased N_2O emission, which is counted as 22 500 tons annually through fertilization. The soil pollution aspects include the accomulation of heavy metal, the nutrient malajustment, the fertility decline, the soil salination and so on. The farming product pollution shows its extra high content of nitrate and heavy metal. The main may for increasing the fertilization efficiency and controlling or reducing the tridimension pollution of the fertilization to the farmland environment is to use optimization fertilization techniques including controlling the fertilizer rate, balanced fertilization, coordination of the fertilization with irrigation, suitable method and time of fertilization and the usage of the slow-released fertilizer.