南昌大学学报（人文社会科学版）
南昌大學學報（人文社會科學版）
남창대학학보（인문사회과학판）
JOURNAL OF NANCHANG UNIVERSITY (HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES)
2009年
4期
1-7
,共7页
霍布斯%正义%自然法%契约%政治国家%论证策略
霍佈斯%正義%自然法%契約%政治國傢%論證策略
곽포사%정의%자연법%계약%정치국가%론증책략
Hobbes%justice%naturnal law%constract%political state%demonstration strategy
霍布斯把自然状态下人的状况还原到一种相互恐惧的状态,并认为人实际上不适合于过社会生活.但人最基本的愿望是免除死于暴力的恐惧,所以正义的根本指向是获得和平.自然法只能是对人们的应然约束,包括外在的应然规则和内在美德,而没有刚性的强制力,所以政治国家的出现就是必需的,其特点就是主权者不是契约的一方,其意志就是大家的意志,并垄断惩罚的暴力,于是战争状态被消除了,所有的权利转让者都能得到平等对待,这就是政治国家的正义性之所在.这种逻辑是严整的,但是由于简化过度,其中的逻辑缺环也所在多有.
霍佈斯把自然狀態下人的狀況還原到一種相互恐懼的狀態,併認為人實際上不適閤于過社會生活.但人最基本的願望是免除死于暴力的恐懼,所以正義的根本指嚮是穫得和平.自然法隻能是對人們的應然約束,包括外在的應然規則和內在美德,而沒有剛性的彊製力,所以政治國傢的齣現就是必需的,其特點就是主權者不是契約的一方,其意誌就是大傢的意誌,併壟斷懲罰的暴力,于是戰爭狀態被消除瞭,所有的權利轉讓者都能得到平等對待,這就是政治國傢的正義性之所在.這種邏輯是嚴整的,但是由于簡化過度,其中的邏輯缺環也所在多有.
곽포사파자연상태하인적상황환원도일충상호공구적상태,병인위인실제상불괄합우과사회생활.단인최기본적원망시면제사우폭력적공구,소이정의적근본지향시획득화평.자연법지능시대인문적응연약속,포괄외재적응연규칙화내재미덕,이몰유강성적강제력,소이정치국가적출현취시필수적,기특점취시주권자불시계약적일방,기의지취시대가적의지,병롱단징벌적폭력,우시전쟁상태피소제료,소유적권리전양자도능득도평등대대,저취시정치국가적정의성지소재.저충라집시엄정적,단시유우간화과도,기중적라집결배야소재다유.
Hobbes reduced the situation in the state of nature into being in a mutual terror,and had an idea that people don't suit to living a social life.People's basic desire is to avoid the terror of dying of brute force,so the aim of justice is to bring peace into being.Natural law is only to constrain subjectively people to obey external rules and internal virtues,lacking the force of coersion.Therefore,the political state is in need.In the political state,sovereignty doesn't join in the constract,its will is the will of all people,and sovereignty monopolies the force of punishment to eliminate the war.Due to the establishment of a political state,the people can treat each other equally,in which the political state's justice lies.This logical demonstration is rigid.However,owing to its over-simplification,there are some missing links in it.
