CAJ | 학술논문

来自茂名石化公司的炼油废水含有较高浓度的污染物,超过广东省规定的排放标准,未经处理不能直接排放.4种草本植物,香根草、芦苇、宽叶香蒲和蒲草被用来测试建植人工湿地的效果以及所建植的人工湿地处理炼油废水的效果.在为期2个月的处理过程中,人工湿地在前期对炼油废水的净化效率很高,它们对第一批高浓度废水中氨氮、COD、BOD和油的去除率分别是97.7%、78.2%、91.4%和95.3%,对第一批低浓度污水分别是97.1%、71.5%、73.7%和89.8%.但是,随着时间的推移,湿地的净化效果会有一定程度的下降,然后逐渐趋于稳定.湿地对氨氮、COD、BOD和油类的去除效率始终表现为氨氮＞油类＞BOD＞COD,但植物对它们的净去除量却是COD＞BOD＞氨氮和油类.湿地建植之初,植物的净化功能很弱,但随植物的生长和生物量的增加而逐渐增强.然而,不同植物种对废水的净化率很接近,基本上无显著性差异.被测试的4种植物在污水湿地中的生长表现都好过在清水湿地中的,但香根草、芦苇和宽叶香蒲在高浓度废水的分蘖数比在低浓度的废水少些,而蒲草相反,表明高浓度污水相对于低浓度污水而言已经对前面3个种产生了伤害,却仍促进蒲草生长.在清水培养阶段,香根草产生分蘖的速度是4个种中最低的;进入污水培养阶段,香根草的分蘖速度升高,而其他3种的却下降,这意味着香根草对恶劣环境的适宜性,特别是经较长时间的适应后,可能比其他3个种更强.
래자무명석화공사적련유폐수함유교고농도적오염물,초과광동성규정적배방표준,미경처리불능직접배방.4충초본식물,향근초、호위、관협향포화포초피용래측시건식인공습지적효과이급소건식적인공습지처리련유폐수적효과.재위기2개월적처리과정중,인공습지재전기대련유폐수적정화효솔흔고,타문대제일비고농도폐수중안담、COD、BOD화유적거제솔분별시97.7%、78.2%、91.4%화95.3%,대제일비저농도오수분별시97.1%、71.5%、73.7%화89.8%.단시,수착시간적추이,습지적정화효과회유일정정도적하강,연후축점추우은정.습지대안담、COD、BOD화유류적거제효솔시종표현위안담＞유류＞BOD＞COD,단식물대타문적정거제량각시COD＞BOD＞안담화유류.습지건식지초,식물적정화공능흔약,단수식물적생장화생물량적증가이축점증강.연이,불동식물충대폐수적정화솔흔접근,기본상무현저성차이.피측시적4충식물재오수습지중적생장표현도호과재청수습지중적,단향근초、호위화관협향포재고농도폐수적분얼수비재저농도적폐수소사,이포초상반,표명고농도오수상대우저농도오수이언이경대전면3개충산생료상해,각잉촉진포초생장.재청수배양계단,향근초산생분얼적속도시4개충중최저적;진입오수배양계단,향근초적분얼속도승고,이기타3충적각하강,저의미착향근초대악렬배경적괄의성,특별시경교장시간적괄응후,가능비기타3개충경강.
Wastewater produced from the oil refinery of the Maoming Petro-Chemical Company, China Petro-Chemical Corporation contains high concentrations of organic and inorganic pollutants, therefore it cannot be discharged directly into river or sea unless being treated first. Four plant species, Vetiveria zizanioides, Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia, and Lepironia articutala were planted in large containers as constructed vertical flow wetland to test their efficiencies in the purification of oil refined wastewater and their growth in wetlands soaked with oil refined wastewater. The results gotten from a 2-month treatment indicated that the purifying rates of constructed wetlands for oil refined wastewater were all very high at the beginning, which removed 97.7% of ammonia N, 78.2% of COD, 91.4% of BOD, and 95.3% of oil in the first batch of highly-concentrated wastewater (HCW), and 97.1% of ammonia N, 71.5% of COD, 73.7% of BOD, and 89.8% of oil in the first batch of low-concentrated wastewater (LCW). But the performance of wetlands was decreased and became basically stable as time passed. The efficiency of wetlands in removing the pollutants was always in order of ammonia N > oil > BOD > COD, but the net removal of plants to them was ranked as COD > BOD > oil and ammonia N. In the beginning, the purifying function of plants was quite weak, but it gradually increased with the acceleration of plants growth. However, there was almost no significant difference in the removal efficiencies among the four species. The four tested species produced better growth in wetlands with HCW or LCW than with clean water, but V. zizanioides, P. australis, T. latifolia produced fewer tillers in HCW than those in LCW, while this was contrary to L. articutala. This inferred that HCW might damage the first three species, and promote the growth of L. articutala. During the period of clean water cultivation, the new tiller producing rate of V. zizanioides was the lowest among the four species, but it gradually rose during the period of treatment water soak, while the tiller-producing rates of the other three species were distinctly lowered. It was therefore suggested that V. zizanioides might have a stronger adaptation to the harsh environment than other species tested in the experiment, especially in the situation of long time of adaptation to the environment. However, the above results remains to be further verified due to the limited observation time of only two months.