CAJ | 학술논문

地震和火山都反映了地球表层的构造活动,因而地震活动区往往也是火山活动区.根据全球大震、火山活动目录,分析研究了全球地震、火山分布的特征.描述了各区的地震、火山活动分布,总结了地震、火山活动强度的时、空分布特征.全球地震、火山活动可以分为碰撞带、大陆区和大洋区.大陆地震以其片状的分散分布而不同于板块边缘的带状分布,大陆火山活动比大洋火山更受应力场的影响.大洋区地震活动相对较弱,岩浆活动主要是半静的岩浆溢出与洋中脊的扩张,往往没有形成火山喷发.有记录的火山喷发主要来自深部地幔的热柱.俯冲-碰撞活动区地震活动与火山喷发最强烈,大角度俯冲的弧后火山活动最强,当板块运动方向与板块边缘走向成小角度相交时,缺少正面俯冲的动力,火山活动相对平静.>500km深震的地段,火山活动较弱.火山与地震强烈活动的大多在大地水准面(Geoid)异常高的区域.地震与火山平均纬度随时间表现出同步的变化外,火山和大震活动也显示了大致同步的变化.
지진화화산도반영료지구표층적구조활동,인이지진활동구왕왕야시화산활동구.근거전구대진、화산활동목록,분석연구료전구지진、화산분포적특정.묘술료각구적지진、화산활동분포,총결료지진、화산활동강도적시、공분포특정.전구지진、화산활동가이분위팽당대、대륙구화대양구.대륙지진이기편상적분산분포이불동우판괴변연적대상분포,대륙화산활동비대양화산경수응력장적영향.대양구지진활동상대교약,암장활동주요시반정적암장일출여양중척적확장,왕왕몰유형성화산분발.유기록적화산분발주요래자심부지만적열주.부충-팽당활동구지진활동여화산분발최강렬,대각도부충적호후화산활동최강,당판괴운동방향여판괴변연주향성소각도상교시,결소정면부충적동력,화산활동상대평정.>500km심진적지단,화산활동교약.화산여지진강렬활동적대다재대지수준면(Geoid)이상고적구역.지진여화산평균위도수시간표현출동보적변화외,화산화대진활동야현시료대치동보적변화.
Volcano and earthquake, both are significant phenomena and subsequenees of plate motion. Great importance has been attached to the connection between volcano and earthquake in recent years. Global partitioning of earthquake and volcano is an important prerequisite for the study of the spatial and temporal distributions of global earthquakes and volcanoes, as well as global tectonic and contemporary geodynamics.On the basis of statistic analysis on Earthquake Catalogs of USGS National Earthquake Information Center and Volcano Catalog of Smithsonian Institution, and applications of the concept of three tectonic systems(Ma et al., 2003) ,the correlation study between volcano and earthquake distributions was made in this paper. Based on the statistics of subareas,the global modern tectonics can be divided into three systems : continent, ocean,and collision zone. Continental earthquakes are widely spaced, differing from strap-like distribution in the plate boundaries. The major distinction of continental volcanoes from oceanic one is the existence of continental lithosphere with various crust thicknesses and ages. The continental volcanoes are more sensitive to tectonic stress field,e, g. the continent rifts are induced by lithospheric extension. Oceanic crust is young,thin and relative homogeneous,with weak seismicity. Magmatism is dominanted by smooth extrusion of lava and expansion of ridges in mid-ocean. Most records of volcano eruptions are related to hot plume from deep mantle in islands. Subduction-collision zone has the maximum severity of earthquakes and volcano eruptions. The seismicty is caused by extrusion from plate collision,and the volcanism is related with dehydration,decline of solidus, and uplift of arcs. The tremendous energy from plate collision is the fundamental cause of earthquake and volcano. The violent seismic and eruption activities are mostly correlated with geoid highs. The deep subduction zones with focal depth greater than 500km have weak eruptions,lacking historic records, or large eruptions with VEI ≥4.The average latitude of earthquakes behaves in a synchrony way with that of volcanoes,and their spatial distribution changes in synchronous phases. In the first half period of last century(1902-1953) ,the great eruptions with VEI greater than 5 were in eastern Pacific,such as the 1902 eruption of Santa Maria in Guatemala,the 1912 Trident eruption in Alaska, the 1932 eruption of A zul in Chile. And the seismicity were the most violent in Eurasia continent. In the middle period(1956-1980), the eruptions were concentrated in north Pacific,such as the 1956 eruption of Bezymianny in Kamchatka,the 1976 eruption of Augustine in Alaska,and the 1980 eruption of St. Helens In USA. The large earthquakes migrated from northern Pacific (1954-1965), Japan Arc (1966-1972) to Phillippine Arc(1973-1981).