CAJ | 학술논문

在福建省南靖国有林场的小山城工区设置试验地,进行了麻竹林生态系统水文特征和养分动态研究.实验表明:在一定降雨量级范围内,林冠截留量随着降水量的增加而增加,且较小雨量级时增加较快,较大雨量级时增加较慢,并趋于一定值;林冠截留量与一次性降雨量的关系可以用Richards函数较好地拟合.由于雨季降雨量大,林冠截留、穿透水和茎流量都具有明显的季节性,穿透水和茎流量明显多于旱季,林冠截留率则明显小于旱季.全年林冠截留、穿透水和竹秆茎流量分别是283.10、1720.45和99.09 mm.年均林冠截留率、穿透率和竹秆茎流率分别为13.47%,81.82%和4.71%.在养分动态方面,在实验地分别实施全翻、带翻及扩穴(即按农户常规土壤管理,每年3月扩穴,不深翻)3 种不同的土壤垦复措施,结果显示全翻垦复措施地表径流的N,P,K的流失量最大,其中又以中K的流失量最大(3.84 kg/hm2),N,P,K的年流失量大小顺序为全翻>带翻>扩穴.就林地养分利用率而言,带翻是3 种措施中最高的为21.22%,其次为全翻为20.46%,最小为扩穴19.61%,且N、P和K的年盈余量也是3 种措施中最少的,分别为783.18 kg/hm2,120.68kg/hm2和184 .50kg/hm2,所以带翻的经营方式,在带来最好的经济效益的同时,不至于显著提高水土流失,是值得推广的一种麻竹林经营方式.
재복건성남정국유림장적소산성공구설치시험지,진행료마죽림생태계통수문특정화양분동태연구.실험표명:재일정강우량급범위내,림관절류량수착강수량적증가이증가,차교소우량급시증가교쾌,교대우량급시증가교만,병추우일정치;림관절류량여일차성강우량적관계가이용Richards함수교호지의합.유우우계강우량대,림관절류、천투수화경류량도구유명현적계절성,천투수화경류량명현다우한계,림관절류솔칙명현소우한계.전년림관절류、천투수화죽간경류량분별시283.10、1720.45화99.09 mm.년균림관절류솔、천투솔화죽간경류솔분별위13.47%,81.82%화4.71%.재양분동태방면,재실험지분별실시전번、대번급확혈(즉안농호상규토양관리,매년3월확혈,불심번)3 충불동적토양은복조시,결과현시전번은복조시지표경류적N,P,K적류실량최대,기중우이중K적류실량최대(3.84 kg/hm2),N,P,K적년류실량대소순서위전번>대번>확혈.취임지양분이용솔이언,대번시3 충조시중최고적위21.22%,기차위전번위20.46%,최소위확혈19.61%,차N、P화K적년영여량야시3 충조시중최소적,분별위783.18 kg/hm2,120.68kg/hm2화184 .50kg/hm2,소이대번적경영방식,재대래최호적경제효익적동시,불지우현저제고수토류실,시치득추엄적일충마죽림경영방식.
The study on hydrological process and nutrient dynamics of Dendrocalamus latiflorus stand ecosystem was conducted in Nanjing National Forest Farm, Fujian Province. The results were presented in this paper. Within certain rainfall range, the canopy interception increased quickly with increasing rainfall during light rainfall events, but slightly during heavy rainfall events, and then tended to a fixed value. The relationship between canopy interception and precipitation was well simulated by the Richards Function. The canopy interception, through fall and stemflow exhibited significant seasonal dynamics, due to plentiful rainfall in wet season, the through fall and stemflow were much higher than those in dry season, while the canopy interception rate was much lower. The annual canopy interception amount, through fall and stemflow were 283.10 mm, 1720.45 mm, and 99.09 mm, respectively; and the annual average rate of canopy interception, through fall and stemflow were 13.47%, 81.82% and 4.71%, respectively. As to nutrient dynamics, 3 different ways of reclamation, overall ploughing, strip ploughing and ditch ploughing (regular management by farmers, only ditching around root zone in every March), were applied to the stands. The results showed that the annual loss of N, P, and K in surface runoff was the highest in over ploughed stand with K loss being the greatest among the three elements, 3.84 kg/hm2, followed by strip ploughed stand and ditch ploughed stand. Concerning the nutrient utility efficiency of the stand, the highest of 21.22% occurred in strip ploughed stand, followed by overall ploughed stand of 20.46%, and ditch ploughed stand of 19.61%. Moreover, the annual surplus of N, P and K in strip ploughed stand were 783.18 kg/hm2, 120.68 kg/hm2, and 184.50 kg/hm2, respectively, also being the lowest among three stands. In general, strip ploughing was worthy of being popularized in this region because it gained the highest economical profit without causing significantly increased soil erosion.