中国地方病学杂志
中國地方病學雜誌
중국지방병학잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ENDEMIOLOGY
2012年
3期
296-300
,共5页
蔡辉霞%王虎%韩秀敏%马霄%刘玉芳%刘培运%张静宵%赵延梅%刘海青%王永顺
蔡輝霞%王虎%韓秀敏%馬霄%劉玉芳%劉培運%張靜宵%趙延梅%劉海青%王永順
채휘하%왕호%한수민%마소%류옥방%류배운%장정소%조연매%류해청%왕영순
青海%宿主寄生虫关系%多房棘球绦虫%细粒棘球绦虫%棘球蚴病
青海%宿主寄生蟲關繫%多房棘毬縚蟲%細粒棘毬縚蟲%棘毬蚴病
청해%숙주기생충관계%다방극구조충%세립극구조충%극구유병
Qinghai%Host-parasite relations%Echinococcus multilocularis%Echinococcus granulosus%Echinococcosis
目的 分析1990 - 2010年青海省青南高原、祁连山-河湟谷地、柴达木盆地三类地形区终末和中间宿主棘球绦虫或棘球蚴感染情况,为青海高原棘球蚴病防治工作提供参考依据.方法 采用寄生虫形态学方法鉴定终末宿主犬、狐狸和狼棘球绦虫感染情况；家养及野生中间宿主棘球蚴感染情况调查采用解剖学和病理学方法鉴定,并对部分可疑病灶采用分子生物学方法进行虫种鉴定.结果 青南高原、祁连山-河湟谷地、柴达木盆地三类地形区无主犬均存在细粒棘球绦虫感染,其感染率分别为38.71％( 300/775)、49.60％( 124/250)、9.76％(4/41),不同地形区间比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=25.72,P＜ 0.01),另外,仅有青南高原的无主犬存在多房棘球绦虫感染,感染率为16.04％(98/611)；青南高原、祁连山-河湟谷地的狐狸多房棘球绦虫感染率分别为22.89％(38/166)、30.77％(12/39),且两地的狼存在细粒棘球绦虫感染.上述三类地形区家养绵羊、牦牛、山羊和猪棘球蚴感染率比较,差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为82.70、41.82、212.63、194.58,P均＜0.01)；且三类地形区家养绵羊、牦牛棘球蚴感染率[43.43％(5664/13 042)、49.47％(2917/5896),52.99％(887/1674)、42.18％(779/1847),50.70％(1049/2069)、52.90％(685/1295)]均处于较高水平,青南高原家养山羊和猪棘球蚴感染率[3.26％(7/215)、0.00％(0/108)]明显低于祁连山-河湟谷地、柴达木盆地[19.51％(119/610)、26.91％(43/1598),47.91％(343/716)、21.91％(71/324)].上述三类地形区野生高原鼠兔棘球蚴感染率分别为6.21％(243/3910)、1.80％(3/167)、0.00％(0/199),三类地形区间比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=18.50,P＜0.01),仅在青南高原发现青海田鼠、灰尾兔、岩羊、藏原羚、黄羊棘球蚴感染.结论 青海高原三类地形区的人群感染细粒和多房棘球蚴病的压力来自不同终末宿主,而无主犬是造成人群棘球蚴病的关键传染源;各种终末宿主和家养、野生中间宿主之间具有复杂的生活史循环链,提示青海高原是我国棘球蚴病防控的重点地区,其防治任务十分艰巨.
目的 分析1990 - 2010年青海省青南高原、祁連山-河湟穀地、柴達木盆地三類地形區終末和中間宿主棘毬縚蟲或棘毬蚴感染情況,為青海高原棘毬蚴病防治工作提供參攷依據.方法 採用寄生蟲形態學方法鑒定終末宿主犬、狐貍和狼棘毬縚蟲感染情況；傢養及野生中間宿主棘毬蚴感染情況調查採用解剖學和病理學方法鑒定,併對部分可疑病竈採用分子生物學方法進行蟲種鑒定.結果 青南高原、祁連山-河湟穀地、柴達木盆地三類地形區無主犬均存在細粒棘毬縚蟲感染,其感染率分彆為38.71％( 300/775)、49.60％( 124/250)、9.76％(4/41),不同地形區間比較,差異有統計學意義(x2=25.72,P＜ 0.01),另外,僅有青南高原的無主犬存在多房棘毬縚蟲感染,感染率為16.04％(98/611)；青南高原、祁連山-河湟穀地的狐貍多房棘毬縚蟲感染率分彆為22.89％(38/166)、30.77％(12/39),且兩地的狼存在細粒棘毬縚蟲感染.上述三類地形區傢養綿羊、牦牛、山羊和豬棘毬蚴感染率比較,差異有統計學意義(x2值分彆為82.70、41.82、212.63、194.58,P均＜0.01)；且三類地形區傢養綿羊、牦牛棘毬蚴感染率[43.43％(5664/13 042)、49.47％(2917/5896),52.99％(887/1674)、42.18％(779/1847),50.70％(1049/2069)、52.90％(685/1295)]均處于較高水平,青南高原傢養山羊和豬棘毬蚴感染率[3.26％(7/215)、0.00％(0/108)]明顯低于祁連山-河湟穀地、柴達木盆地[19.51％(119/610)、26.91％(43/1598),47.91％(343/716)、21.91％(71/324)].上述三類地形區野生高原鼠兔棘毬蚴感染率分彆為6.21％(243/3910)、1.80％(3/167)、0.00％(0/199),三類地形區間比較,差異有統計學意義(x2=18.50,P＜0.01),僅在青南高原髮現青海田鼠、灰尾兔、巖羊、藏原羚、黃羊棘毬蚴感染.結論 青海高原三類地形區的人群感染細粒和多房棘毬蚴病的壓力來自不同終末宿主,而無主犬是造成人群棘毬蚴病的關鍵傳染源;各種終末宿主和傢養、野生中間宿主之間具有複雜的生活史循環鏈,提示青海高原是我國棘毬蚴病防控的重點地區,其防治任務十分艱巨.
목적 분석1990 - 2010년청해성청남고원、기련산-하황곡지、시체목분지삼류지형구종말화중간숙주극구조충혹극구유감염정황,위청해고원극구유병방치공작제공삼고의거.방법 채용기생충형태학방법감정종말숙주견、호리화랑극구조충감염정황；가양급야생중간숙주극구유감염정황조사채용해부학화병이학방법감정,병대부분가의병조채용분자생물학방법진행충충감정.결과 청남고원、기련산-하황곡지、시체목분지삼류지형구무주견균존재세립극구조충감염,기감염솔분별위38.71％( 300/775)、49.60％( 124/250)、9.76％(4/41),불동지형구간비교,차이유통계학의의(x2=25.72,P＜ 0.01),령외,부유청남고원적무주견존재다방극구조충감염,감염솔위16.04％(98/611)；청남고원、기련산-하황곡지적호리다방극구조충감염솔분별위22.89％(38/166)、30.77％(12/39),차량지적랑존재세립극구조충감염.상술삼류지형구가양면양、모우、산양화저극구유감염솔비교,차이유통계학의의(x2치분별위82.70、41.82、212.63、194.58,P균＜0.01)；차삼류지형구가양면양、모우극구유감염솔[43.43％(5664/13 042)、49.47％(2917/5896),52.99％(887/1674)、42.18％(779/1847),50.70％(1049/2069)、52.90％(685/1295)]균처우교고수평,청남고원가양산양화저극구유감염솔[3.26％(7/215)、0.00％(0/108)]명현저우기련산-하황곡지、시체목분지[19.51％(119/610)、26.91％(43/1598),47.91％(343/716)、21.91％(71/324)].상술삼류지형구야생고원서토극구유감염솔분별위6.21％(243/3910)、1.80％(3/167)、0.00％(0/199),삼류지형구간비교,차이유통계학의의(x2=18.50,P＜0.01),부재청남고원발현청해전서、회미토、암양、장원령、황양극구유감염.결론 청해고원삼류지형구적인군감염세립화다방극구유병적압력래자불동종말숙주,이무주견시조성인군극구유병적관건전염원;각충종말숙주화가양、야생중간숙주지간구유복잡적생활사순배련,제시청해고원시아국극구유병방공적중점지구,기방치임무십분간거.
Objective To analyze Echinococcus infection in definitive and intermediate hosts in different zones of Qinghai plateau,Qinghai southern plateau,Qilian mountain-Hehuang valley and Chaidamu basin,and to provide a scientific basis for developing control strategies against Echinococcosis infection. Methods Echinococcosis infection in definitive hosts,dogs and foxes,was identified by morphological observation; in domesticated and wild intermediate host animals was identified by anatomy and pathology; some of the suspected samples were further identified by molecular biological methods.Results Stray dogs in different zones of Qinghai plateau were infected with Echinococcus granulosus,the infection rates were 38.71％(300/775),49.60％(124/250),and 9.76％(4/41 ) in Qinghai southem plateau,Qilian mountain-Hehuang valley and Chaidamu basin,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(x2 =25.72,P ＜ 0.01 ).in addition,only Qinghai southern plateau dogs were infected with Echinococcus multiloularis,and the infection rate was 16.04％(98/611).The infection rates of fox with Echinococcus multilocularis were 22.89％(38/166) and 30.77％(12/39) in Qinghai southern plateau and Qilian mountain-Hehuang valley,respectively,and wolves were also found to be infected with Echinococcus granulosus in the same areas.The infection rates of domesticated sheep,yaks,goats and pigs with Echinococcosis were significantly different statistically in those different areas(x2 =82.70,41.82,212.63,194.58,all P ＜ 0.01 ).The infection rates of sheep and yaks were higher[43.43％(5664/13 042),49.47％(2917/5896),52.99％ (887/1674),42.18％ (779/1847),50.70％ (1049/2069),52.90％ (685/1295) ] in three areas.The infection rates of goats and pigs [3.26％ (7/215),0.00％ (0/108)] in Qinghai southern plateau were lower than that of other two areas[ 19.51％(119/610),26.91％(43/1598),47.91％(343/716),21.91％(71/324)].The infection rates of Ochotona curzoniae with Echinococcosis were 6.21％ (243/3910),1.80％ (3/167) and 0.00％ (0/199) in Qinghai southern plateau,Qilian mountain-Hehuang valley and Chaidamu basin,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =18.50,P ＜ 0.01 ).Moreover,wild intermediate hosts of Echinococcosis,such as Microtus fuscus,Lepus oiostolus,Pseudois nayaur,Procapra picticaudata,and Prodorcas gutturosa were found to be infected only in Qinghai southern plateau.Conclusions Human is faced with a threat of Echinococcosis infection from various definitive hosts in different zones of Qinghai plateau.And stray dogs are the most crucial factor.The life-cycles of Echinococcus are very complicated in Qinghai plateau.Qinghai plateau is a key area in prevention and control of Echinococcosis infection in China.
