CAJ | 학술논문

选择60年来北京地区广泛种植的3个冬小麦( Triticum aestivum L.)品种,在相同的环境条件下种植.为了研究它们的产量与单位叶面积的净光合速率( Pn ) 的关系,测定了不同生育期 Pn 、蒸腾速率( Tr )的日变化,并用 Pn / Tr 计算叶片瞬时的水分利用率( WUE ).结果表明:单位叶面积净光合速率与产量之间的关系随生育期不同而变化.在拔节期高产品种"京冬8号"(九十年代推出)的光合速率和蒸腾速率在一天中总是最高,一天中差异最大时,分别比低产品种"燕大1817"(四十年代推出)高77%和69%.而其水分利用率却小于低产品种.这种差异随小麦的生长发育而变化,一般上午10:00前"京冬8号"的光合速率较高,而10:00后"燕大1817"的光合速率较高.到腊熟期,低产品种"燕大1817"的光合速率在一天中始终最高.蒸腾速率的变化规律与光合速率相似,然而"燕大1817"叶片的水分利用率一般最高.与现代推出的品种不同,老品种"燕大1817"叶片的光合作用午休现象不明显,说明它可能具有一定的抗光氧化性.我们认为,在品种改良的过程中,叶片光合作用的潜力可能有所提高,但它的抗光氧化性可能减弱.
선택60년래북경지구엄범충식적3개동소맥( Triticum aestivum L.)품충,재상동적배경조건하충식.위료연구타문적산량여단위협면적적정광합속솔( Pn ) 적관계,측정료불동생육기 Pn 、증등속솔( Tr )적일변화,병용 Pn / Tr 계산협편순시적수분이용솔( WUE ).결과표명:단위협면적정광합속솔여산량지간적관계수생육기불동이변화.재발절기고산품충"경동8호"(구십년대추출)적광합속솔화증등속솔재일천중총시최고,일천중차이최대시,분별비저산품충"연대1817"(사십년대추출)고77%화69%.이기수분이용솔각소우저산품충.저충차이수소맥적생장발육이변화,일반상오10:00전"경동8호"적광합속솔교고,이10:00후"연대1817"적광합속솔교고.도석숙기,저산품충"연대1817"적광합속솔재일천중시종최고.증등속솔적변화규률여광합속솔상사,연이"연대1817"협편적수분이용솔일반최고.여현대추출적품충불동,로품충"연대1817"협편적광합작용오휴현상불명현,설명타가능구유일정적항광양화성.아문인위,재품충개량적과정중,협편광합작용적잠력가능유소제고,단타적항광양화성가능감약.
Three winter wheat cultivars ( Triticum aestivum L.), representatives of those widely cultivated in Beijing over the past six decades, were grown in the same environmental condition, and their physiological features were investigated. Daily changes of net photosynthetic rate ( Pn ), transpiration ( Tr ) in different growth stages were measured in order to find the relationship between leaf photosynthesis and yield. Instantaneous water use efficiency ( WUE ) of leaf was calculated from Pn / Tr . It is suggested that relationship between photosynthetic rate and yield changed with the developing stages of wheat. High yield wheat cultivar Jingdong 8 (released in the 1990s) had a higher photosynthetic rate (the maximal Pn increased by 77%) and transpiration rate (the maximal Tr increased by 69%), but a lower WUE than the low yield cultivar Yanda 1817 (released in the 1940s) during the day time at stem elongation stage. However, difference of Pn among the three cultivars changed with wheat growth process. Before 10 o'clock Pn in leaves of Jingdong 8 usually was the highest of the three cultivars, but Pn of Yanda 1817 was the highest after 10 o'clock. At dough ripe stage, Pn in leaves of Yanda 1817 was the highest among the three cultivars during the whole day. The difference of changing trend of transpiration in three wheat cultivars was similar to Pn , but WUE of Yanda 1817 was the highest in those three cultivars, indicating that the higher yield of Jingdong 8 was achieved via a greater consumption of water. Contrary to the cultivars released in the later period, midday depression of photosynthesis was small in Yanda 1817, which might suggest that Yanda 1817 was resistant to photoinhibition. It is possible that photosynthetic potential in leaves of wheat increased as wheat cultivars was improved over the past six decades. However, it became less resistant to photoinhibition.