CAJ | 학술논문

目的研究低高度迅速减压训练方法的训练效果和安全性. 方法以187名男性高性能战斗机飞行员为对象,采用序贯试验设计,随机分为减压供氧组(A组,93人)和减压不供氧组(B组,94人).每批次试验A组和B组各1人参加,首先低压舱以30～40 m/s速度上升至起爆高度2500 m,并停留1～3 min,待心率稳定后,进行减压准备.各项准备就绪后,开始减压,低压舱在0.48 s内迅速减压至5500 m高度.在此高度停留1～2 min后,低压舱以10～20 m/s速度下降至地面.下降过程中高度低于4000 m后停止供氧.试验过程中记录飞行员不同时期的血氧饱和度、ECG(标准肢体Ⅱ导联)和减压瞬间的肺内减压峰值.低压舱试验完成后进行胸部X线透视检查并填写调查问卷,问卷内容包括试验过程中的主观体验和对迅速减压训练效果的评价. 结果 A组血氧饱和度在供氧期间始终维持在99%左右,停止供氧后出现明显下降,然后,随着高度降低逐渐回升;B组血氧饱和度则与高度呈现明显负相关的变化.ECG分析显示:两组飞行员心率在减压前均持续上升,在减压即刻达到最大值,A组(87.87士15.97)次/min,B组(91.29±2.78)次/min,减压后则明显降低;肢体Ⅱ导联T波振幅在减压即刻,即心率最大时显著降低,A组(0.19±0.11)mV,B组(0.20士0.12)mV.肺内减压峰值为(139士11)mm H2O(1 mm H2O=9.8 Pa).全部飞行员减压试验后胸部X线透视检查未见异常.调查问卷结果显示100%被调查人员认为该方法能较真实模拟飞机增压座舱发生迅速减压的情景,并有效提高飞行员迅速判断是否发生迅速减压的能力. 结论飞行员低高度迅速减压训练方法具有明确的训练效果和肯定的安全性.
목적 연구저고도신속감압훈련방법 적훈련효과화안전성. 방법 이187명남성고성능전두궤비행원위대상,채용서관시험설계,수궤분위감압공양조(A조,93인)화감압불공양조(B조,94인).매비차시험A조화B조각1인삼가,수선저압창이30～40 m/s속도상승지기폭고도2500 m,병정류1～3 min,대심솔은정후,진행감압준비.각항준비취서후,개시감압,저압창재0.48 s내신속감압지5500 m고도.재차고도정류1～2 min후,저압창이10～20 m/s속도하강지지면.하강과정중고도저우4000 m후정지공양.시험과정중기록비행원불동시기적혈양포화도、ECG(표준지체Ⅱ도련)화감압순간적폐내감압봉치.저압창시험완성후진행흉부X선투시검사병전사조사문권,문권내용포괄시험과정중적주관체험화대신속감압훈련효과적평개. 결과 A조혈양포화도재공양기간시종유지재99%좌우,정지공양후출현명현하강,연후,수착고도강저축점회승;B조혈양포화도칙여고도정현명현부상관적변화.ECG분석현시:량조비행원심솔재감압전균지속상승,재감압즉각체도최대치,A조(87.87사15.97)차/min,B조(91.29±2.78)차/min,감압후칙명현강저;지체Ⅱ도련T파진폭재감압즉각,즉심솔최대시현저강저,A조(0.19±0.11)mV,B조(0.20사0.12)mV.폐내감압봉치위(139사11)mm H2O(1 mm H2O=9.8 Pa).전부비행원감압시험후흉부X선투시검사미견이상.조사문권결과 현시100%피조사인원인위해방법 능교진실모의비궤증압좌창발생신속감압적정경,병유효제고비행원신속판단시부발생신속감압적능력. 결론 비행원저고도신속감압훈련방법 구유명학적훈련효과화긍정적안전성.
Objective To study the effectiveness and safety of pilot's rapid decompression (RD)training at low altitude. Methods According to sequential design methods, 187 male high performance fighter pilots were selected for RD and divided as Group A (93 pilots) and B (94 pilots),that with and without oxygen supply respectively. Each traning was for 2 pilots who were respectively from Group A and B. Training started from the climb to 2500 m with the rate of 30-40 m/s and stayed there 1-3 minutes for stabilizing heart rate (HR). RD was executed to 5500 m within 0. 48 s and returned to ground level by the rate of 10-20 m/s after plateau maintained for 1-2 min. Oxygen had no longer supplied while the altitude was lower than 4000 m in descend. The saturation of blood oxygen (SaO2), electrocardiogram (ECG) and peak value of pressure in lung were recorded during training.Pilots were examined by thoracic roentgenoscopy when training finished and completed a questionnaire that concerned about subjective experience and the evaluation of the effect of rapid decompression training. Results Observed SaO2 in Group A was about 99% when oxygen applied but significantly dropped as the supply stopped and finally gradually recovered. In Group B, SaO2 was decreased with the altitude. ECG analysis showed that pilots in both groups appeared growing HR before RD applied and respectively reached peak value at RD started (87. 87 ±15. 97) beats/min in Group A and (91. 29±2.78) beats/min in Group B. Then HR was significantly dropped in descend. The amplitude of lead Ⅱ T wave was significantly reduced as maximum HR appeared (0.19±0.11) mV in Group A and (0. 20±0.12) mV in Group B. During decompression the peak value of the pressure in lung was (139±11) mm H2O (1 mm H2O=9.8 Pa). No abnormity was observed by thoracic roentgenoscopy for both groups. Questionnaire analysis showed that all pilots admitted the reality of simulated RD and the effectiveness of judging the happening of RD in time. Conclusions The RD training program for pilots at low altitude is categorically safe and effective.