CAJ | 학술논문

中国陆地地貌基本形态类型由海拔和地势起伏度两个指标组合划分而成,其中海拔分4级,地势起伏度分7级,组合后的基本形态类型共25类.按照数字地貌分类体系,海拔和起伏度拥有全国普适性的分级指标,基于DEM数据可获得两指标的分级类型.试验表明,基于SRTM-DEM(水平分辨率90m,相当于1: 25万比例尺)数据可得出全国普适性的采用单元为4km2,利用1: 10万、1: 400万等比例尺数据进行DEM试验,得出我国存在0.4、4、12、18、21km2五种不同规模的采样单元,并分别对应着不同的比例尺.因我国地貌复杂多样,仅利用DEM数据所获得的海拔和地势起伏度分级数据不能完全反映不同地域的地貌特征,故利用遥感等多源数据,综合多种信息获得的地貌类型,可很好地反映出我国的海拔4级分级特征和地势起伏度7级空间分布,进而获得全国陆地的25种基本形态类型的面积及空间分布格局.
중국륙지지모기본형태류형유해발화지세기복도량개지표조합화분이성,기중해발분4급,지세기복도분7급,조합후적기본형태류형공25류.안조수자지모분류체계,해발화기복도옹유전국보괄성적분급지표,기우DEM수거가획득량지표적분급류형.시험표명,기우SRTM-DEM(수평분변솔90m,상당우1: 25만비례척)수거가득출전국보괄성적채용단원위4km2,이용1: 10만、1: 400만등비례척수거진행DEM시험,득출아국존재0.4、4、12、18、21km2오충불동규모적채양단원,병분별대응착불동적비례척.인아국지모복잡다양,부이용DEM수거소획득적해발화지세기복도분급수거불능완전반영불동지역적지모특정,고이용요감등다원수거,종합다충신식획득적지모류형,가흔호지반영출아국적해발4급분급특정화지세기복도7급공간분포,진이획득전국륙지적25충기본형태류형적면적급공간분포격국.
Basic morphological types of land geomorphology in China are made up of two indexes: altitude and relief amplitude. The altitude index is divided into 4 classes, that is: low altitude <1000m, middle altitude 1000～3500m, high altitude 3500～5000m, highest altitude >5000m; relief amplitude is divided into 7 classes, that is: plain < 30m, tableland >30m, hill <200m, low relief mountain 200～500m, moderate relief mountain 500～1000m, high relief mountain 1000～2500m, highest relief mountain >2500m. Then, the combined basic morphological types are 25 kinds. According to classification system of digital geomorphology, the classification indexes of altitude and relief amplitude are suitable for the whole Chinese continent; the above classified types from these two indexes can be calculated by means of multi-source data, such as DEM, Landsat TM/ETM etc. The experiments show: based on DEM data(such as SRTM-DEM 90m, equivalent to the scale of 1: 250000), the adopted sampling unit which can be suitable for the whole Chinese continent is 4km2; corresponding to different scales respectively, 5 types of sampling units, that is: 0.4, 4, 12, 18, 21km2, existing in the whole Chinese continent, can be attained by calculating form DEM data at different scales, such as 1: 100000, 1: 4000000 etc. Because of the complexity and multiplicity of Chinese geomorphology, the geomorphologic features of different regions can not be only reflected by means of elevation value and relief amplitude acquired from DEM data; hence, based on multi-source data such as remote sensing, the spatial distribution of 4 classes of elevation characteristics and 7 classes of relief amplitude characteristics in China can be well represented by means of the geomorphologic boundary acquired from artificial virtual interpretation; furthermore, the area and spatial distribution pattern of 25 kinds of basic morphological types of land geomorphology in China are achieved.