CAJ | 학술논문

20世纪90年代,在实施水土保持造林项目的过程中,辐射松被引种到四川阿坝干旱河谷地区.气候匹配研究显示该区域有26000公顷土地适宜辐射松生长,另外还有63000公顷土地也可能具备种植辐射松水土保持林的环境条件.该区域的辐射松人工林以小片林的形式分散在干旱河谷沿岸陡峭和退化的坡地上.这些引种的辐射松面临两种森林健康风险:(a)它们可能不具备抵御当地原有的病原和昆虫侵害的能力,(b)也可能受到外来有害生物入侵的威胁.本文对可能威胁辐射松的潜在的有害生物进行了调查分析,并对其所面临的长期森林健康风险进行了初步评估.评估方法结合了文献研究、周边针叶林病虫害发生历史记录、野外调查、标本采集鉴定,对主要有害昆虫和病原侵袭的可能性以及侵害发生后将造成的影响进行了专家分析.结果表明该地区辐射松引种成功面临着一些特定的长期健康风险.这些风险和侵害两种乡土树种--油松和华山松的有害生物密切相关.因为这些昆虫和病原菌随着时间的推移很可能会传给并危害辐射松.对辐射松引种有潜在威胁的外来有害生物应列为检疫对象.根据评估结果,本文提出了增强森林生长活力和降低健康风险的建议.文中也提到了一旦有害生物侵入并构成危害时,如何提高控制森林健康风险的能力.尽管这些森林健康风险对辐射松生长是有害的,但尚不能对辐射松引种成功构成严重影响.
20세기90년대,재실시수토보지조림항목적과정중,복사송피인충도사천아패간한하곡지구.기후필배연구현시해구역유26000공경토지괄의복사송생장,령외환유63000공경토지야가능구비충식복사송수토보지림적배경조건.해구역적복사송인공림이소편림적형식분산재간한하곡연안두초화퇴화적파지상.저사인충적복사송면림량충삼림건강풍험:(a)타문가능불구비저어당지원유적병원화곤충침해적능력,(b)야가능수도외래유해생물입침적위협.본문대가능위협복사송적잠재적유해생물진행료조사분석,병대기소면림적장기삼림건강풍험진행료초보평고.평고방법결합료문헌연구、주변침협림병충해발생역사기록、야외조사、표본채집감정,대주요유해곤충화병원침습적가능성이급침해발생후장조성적영향진행료전가분석.결과표명해지구복사송인충성공면림착일사특정적장기건강풍험.저사풍험화침해량충향토수충--유송화화산송적유해생물밀절상관.인위저사곤충화병원균수착시간적추이흔가능회전급병위해복사송.대복사송인충유잠재위협적외래유해생물응렬위검역대상.근거평고결과,본문제출료증강삼림생장활력화강저건강풍험적건의.문중야제도료일단유해생물침입병구성위해시,여하제고공제삼림건강풍험적능력.진관저사삼림건강풍험대복사송생장시유해적,단상불능대복사송인충성공구성엄중영향.
Pinus radiata was introduced to the summer rainfall environments of Sichuan Province, China in the 1990s as a part of an afforestation program for soil and water conservation in the arid and semi-arid river valley area of Aba Prefecture. Within this region a total area of 26000 ha have been identified through climate matching as suitable and a further 63000 ha potentially suitable for environmental plantings of P. radiata. The plantations are being established in widely separated small patches on steep and degraded slopes along the dry river valley. The newly introduced P. radiata are exposed to two kinds of forest health risks: they may be attacked by (a) indigenous pathogens and pests against which they may not possess any resistance or (b) by inadvertently introduced foreign pests or pathogens. This paper presents a survey of the potential damaging pests and a preliminary assessment of forest health risks facing the P. radiata plantations over a much longer timeframe than the initial phase of introduction and early plantation establishment. An empirical approach was adopted to evaluate forest health risks by a combination of literature review, examination of historical records of pest and disease outbreaks in the surrounding coniferous forests, field surveys and inspections, specimen collection and identification, and most importantly, expert analysis of the likelihood of attack by specific pests and pathogens and the subsequent impact of such attacks. The assessment identified some specific forest health risks to the long-term success of P. radiata introduction in this area. These risks are closely associated with the indigenous pests and pathogens of the two native pine species, P. tabulaeformis and P. armondii since these pests and pathogens are considered more likely to establish on P. radiata over time. Exotic pests and pathogens are of a quarantine concern at present. Based on the results of assessment, recommendations are provided to improve forest vigour and to reduce the forest health risks posed by indigenous as well as exotic pests and pathogens to the introduced P. radiata. Ways to increase the ability to manage the forest health risks once a particular pest infestation and disease eventuates are also recommended. Although detrimental to the survival and growth of the introduced P. radiata, the impact of identified forest health risks are not considered to be fatal to the long term success of P. radiata in this area.