CAJ | 학술논문

本文研究了太白山锐齿栎景观林带树干基部筑巢的两种蚂蚁的筑巢生态学及其巢内真菌的组成.研究结果表明:亮腹黑褐蚁Formica gagatoides Ruzsky是锐齿栎林中的优势蚁种,可在地表及树干上活动,主要取食栎树枝条上蚜虫所分泌的蜜露及其他昆虫和植物材料;盘腹蚁Aphaenogaster sp.仅在蚁巢周围活动,捕食其他小型昆虫;亮腹黑褐蚁F.gagatoides蚁巢材料含水量非常高,而盘腹蚁Aphaenogaster sp.的蚁巢较为干燥.锐齿栎林中树干的平均蚁栖率为20.3%,但蚁栖率随海拔差异而不同(海拔1800 m的锐齿栎林带蚁栖率仅为6%,海拔1600 m的锐齿栎林带蚁栖率高达38.5%).两种蚂蚁的长期营巢活动造成树干基部腐朽、孔洞不断扩大,严重影响锐齿栎树干的水分、营养传输及生长,且极易倒伏和风折.两种蚂蚁巢内及其体表真菌的种类组成明显不同,从亮腹黑褐蚁F.gagatoides蚁巢材料中可分离出7种真菌,而从盘腹蚁Aphaenogaster sp.巢中仅分离出2种;从亮腹黑褐蚁F.gagatoides体表可分离出4种真菌,而从盘腹蚁Ahaenogaster sp.体表分离到3种真菌;其中Trichoderma sp.为优势真菌种类.这些真菌与相关蚂蚁的协同进化及其对蚂蚁筑巢和锐齿栎木材分解中的影响作用有待于进一步研究.
본문연구료태백산예치력경관림대수간기부축소적량충마의적축소생태학급기소내진균적조성.연구결과표명:량복흑갈의Formica gagatoides Ruzsky시예치력림중적우세의충,가재지표급수간상활동,주요취식력수지조상아충소분비적밀로급기타곤충화식물재료;반복의Aphaenogaster sp.부재의소주위활동,포식기타소형곤충;량복흑갈의F.gagatoides의소재료함수량비상고,이반복의Aphaenogaster sp.적의소교위간조.예치력림중수간적평균의서솔위20.3%,단의서솔수해발차이이불동(해발1800 m적예치력림대의서솔부위6%,해발1600 m적예치력림대의서솔고체38.5%).량충마의적장기영소활동조성수간기부부후、공동불단확대,엄중영향예치력수간적수분、영양전수급생장,차겁역도복화풍절.량충마의소내급기체표진균적충류조성명현불동,종량복흑갈의F.gagatoides의소재료중가분리출7충진균,이종반복의Aphaenogaster sp.소중부분리출2충;종량복흑갈의F.gagatoides체표가분리출4충진균,이종반복의Ahaenogaster sp.체표분리도3충진균;기중Trichoderma sp.위우세진균충류.저사진균여상관마의적협동진화급기대마의축소화예치력목재분해중적영향작용유대우진일보연구.
The nesting ecology and fungi composition of nests and exoskeletons of two ant species ( Formica gagatoides Ruzsky and Aphaenogaster sp.) were investigated, which nest in basal trunks of Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata in Mt.Taibai, China.F.gagatoides is one of the most abundant ant species in the Qurcus forests and mainly feed on other insects, plant material and honeydew of aphids which induce insect galls on slim branches of Qurcus aliena var.acuteserrata.Aphaenogaster sp.was only found in the cavities of Qurcus trunks, and they caught small insects.The nests of F.gagatoides were usually very wet, while the nests of Aphaenogaster sp.were relatively drier.The percentage of ant-habitat trees is about 20.3% on average and varied in relation to altitudes, i.e., from 6 % at least (in woods of altitude of 1800 m) to 38.5% at maximum (in woods of altitude of 1600 m).The nesting activities of the two ant species cause strong biodisturbance damage to Qurcus aliena var.acuteserrata:1 ) they greatly affect water and nutrition transport and cause wood decay in stems of the oaks; 2) the significantly damaged trees are structurally weakened and likely to break during windstorms or harvesting operations; 3) they affect eventually the vegetation succession and nutritional recycle of sight woods of Quercus.Moreover, the fungal communities in nests and on exoskeletons of the two ant species were clearly different, and seven fungi were isolated from the nest materials of F.gagatoides, more than two fungi from Aphaenogaster sp.; while four fungi were isolated from the exoskeleton of F.gagatoides, and three fungi from Aphaenogaster sp.respectively.Among all fungi, Trichoderma sp.was the most prevalent fungus isolated from both the nest materials and worker exoskeleton of the aforementioned ant species.Further researches are required to determine the coevolutional relationship between those fungi and host ants and their influence to the ants' nesting activity and decomposition of woods.