CAJ | 학술논문

黄河下游属于过度开发的河流,长期以来,重视经济社会效益,而较为轻视环境和生态效益;上世纪80～90年代,下游出现连年断流及"二级悬河"两个突出问题.过量引黄,引黄总水量大大超过母亲河的承受能力,生产用水与社会用水大量挤占冲沙用水及生态用水,是上述问题形成的直接原因.为了维持黄河健康生命,保持河流永续利用,根本对策是在全流域建设高效、节水、防污型社会.节制社会经济用水;变粗放灌溉为科学灌溉;工业广用循环水;城市绿化及冲洗采用中水.制止对水质的污染.我们认为恢复黄河生态良性维持应包括三方面的指标;(1)下游排洪主槽通过调水调沙逐步恢复到6000m3/s的过洪能力;(2)河水污染程度应稀释和降解到至少达到国家Ⅲ类水标准;(3)保证湿地及河、海、空中生物的良性生长环境.只要全流域以科学发展现为统领,实现人与河流和谐发展,经过10～20年的努力,上述目标是可以达到的.
황하하유속우과도개발적하류,장기이래,중시경제사회효익,이교위경시배경화생태효익;상세기80～90년대,하유출현련년단류급"이급현하"량개돌출문제.과량인황,인황총수량대대초과모친하적승수능력,생산용수여사회용수대량제점충사용수급생태용수,시상술문제형성적직접원인.위료유지황하건강생명,보지하류영속이용,근본대책시재전류역건설고효、절수、방오형사회.절제사회경제용수;변조방관개위과학관개;공업엄용순배수;성시녹화급충세채용중수.제지대수질적오염.아문인위회복황하생태량성유지응포괄삼방면적지표;(1)하유배홍주조통과조수조사축보회복도6000m3/s적과홍능력;(2)하수오염정도응희석화강해도지소체도국가Ⅲ류수표준;(3)보증습지급하、해、공중생물적량성생장배경.지요전류역이과학발전현위통령,실현인여하류화해발전,경과10～20년적노력,상술목표시가이체도적.
The Lower Yellow River belongs To the rivers of excessive development And for a lorig time the economic and social benefits have been highly valued and the environmental and ecological benefits have been comparatively despised.As a result in 80～90's of the last cen-tury,two outstanding problems appeared on the lower reaches,i.e.The river's flow cutoff and "the secondary suspended river" in successive years.The direct cause of the above-men-fioned problems are that the water is diverted excessively from the Yellow River.The total a-mount of the water diversion greatly exceeds the bearing capacity of the mother river,and the water for the sediment washing and ecologic use is changed abnormally into the social and pro-ductive use in large quantities.To keep the Yellow River healthy life and lasting utilization,the basic countermeasure is To construct the society of high efficiency,water conservation and pollution prevention type in the whole valley.The water for the social and economic uses should be restrained,and extensive irrigation should be changed into scientific irrigation.Cir-culating water should be widely used in industry and graywater should be used in urban greening and flushing.The pollution To the water quality must be inhibited.We think that the regaining of the optimal m.Aintenance of the Yellow River ecosystem should consist of targets in three aspects I.E.(1)The main channel for flood sluicing will gradually restore the flood transportation capacity To a discharge of 6000m3/s through the regulation of both flow and sediment;(2)The river water pollution wilI at least conform to the grade Ⅲ water quality of the national standard through dilution and degradation;and (3)The wetland and a optimal growth environment for the living creatures in the fiver,sea and air should be guaranteed.As long as the scientific development view can carry through as a guide in the whole valley and man and the river can develop harmoniously,after 10～20 years' efforts,the targets men-tioned above will be attained.