植物生态学报
植物生態學報
식물생태학보
ACTA PHYTOECOLOGICA SINICA
2001年
1期
57-64
,共8页
安树青%张久海%张纪林%陈兴龙%谈建康%李国旗
安樹青%張久海%張紀林%陳興龍%談建康%李國旂
안수청%장구해%장기림%진흥룡%담건강%리국기
小气候%生物量%蒸腾作用%营养价值%牧草
小氣候%生物量%蒸騰作用%營養價值%牧草
소기후%생물량%증등작용%영양개치%목초
在江苏东台海岸带防护林内设置5个林分密度小区，记录各小区不同生长季节的光照、地面温度和地面相对湿度及其日变化，测定牧草的蒸腾作用、营养价值及其生物量的变化，分析林草复合系统的环境特征及其生态效应，结果表明：林分郁闭度对光照强度变化的影响可分为3个阶段，低郁闭度时，郁闭度的变化对光照影响较小，中等郁闭度时影响最大，高郁闭度时影响又会减弱。生长季盛期，试区平均温度最高，为23.09±5.93 ℃，分别比初期和末期高24.3%和62.4%；此时平均相对湿度为91.61%±1.57%，分别高于初期24.4%和末期32.9%。生长季盛期苏丹草(Sorghum sudonense)的平均蒸腾强度为3659.82%±489.44g*dm-2*h-1，比末期高1.72%。在IV区茅叶荩草(Arthraxon pricnodes)单位面积的代谢能、饲料单位最高，分别为4.877×103 kJ*m-2和3890.64 FU*hm-2，比最低的I区高77.54%和80.87%。不论是单个生长季的温度，还是几个生长季温度的组合，对于狗尾草(Setaria faberii)和苏丹草干重的影响都是不显著的，相对湿度也是如此。生长季初期的光照（L）对狗尾草生物量（Y）回归是显著的：Y=-724.19+0.063 L；生长季末期的光照对苏丹草的生物量是显著的：Y= －1093.30+0.11 L。对于狗尾草，在生长季初期，试区内温度（T）、相对湿度（RH）和光照对其生物量的影响都是极显著的，其关系为：Y=－3859.39+25.35 T+23.03 RH+0.11 L；盛期时，只有相对湿度和光照的作用显著，关系为：Y=1205.16+0.05 L－14.84RH；末期时，三因子中没有一个因子或因子的组合有显著作用。对于苏丹草，在生长季初期，温度和相对湿度的作用明显，其回归方程为：Y= 6186.48－69.38T－62.64 RH；盛期时，温度、相对湿度和光照的作用都是显著的，其关系是：Y=－3777.95+11.61 T+16.36 RH+0.15 L；而在末期，光照和相对湿度与苏丹草干重呈显著回归：Y=－779.92+0.116 L－5.59 RH。
在江囌東檯海岸帶防護林內設置5箇林分密度小區，記錄各小區不同生長季節的光照、地麵溫度和地麵相對濕度及其日變化，測定牧草的蒸騰作用、營養價值及其生物量的變化，分析林草複閤繫統的環境特徵及其生態效應，結果錶明：林分鬱閉度對光照彊度變化的影響可分為3箇階段，低鬱閉度時，鬱閉度的變化對光照影響較小，中等鬱閉度時影響最大，高鬱閉度時影響又會減弱。生長季盛期，試區平均溫度最高，為23.09±5.93 ℃，分彆比初期和末期高24.3%和62.4%；此時平均相對濕度為91.61%±1.57%，分彆高于初期24.4%和末期32.9%。生長季盛期囌丹草(Sorghum sudonense)的平均蒸騰彊度為3659.82%±489.44g*dm-2*h-1，比末期高1.72%。在IV區茅葉藎草(Arthraxon pricnodes)單位麵積的代謝能、飼料單位最高，分彆為4.877×103 kJ*m-2和3890.64 FU*hm-2，比最低的I區高77.54%和80.87%。不論是單箇生長季的溫度，還是幾箇生長季溫度的組閤，對于狗尾草(Setaria faberii)和囌丹草榦重的影響都是不顯著的，相對濕度也是如此。生長季初期的光照（L）對狗尾草生物量（Y）迴歸是顯著的：Y=-724.19+0.063 L；生長季末期的光照對囌丹草的生物量是顯著的：Y= －1093.30+0.11 L。對于狗尾草，在生長季初期，試區內溫度（T）、相對濕度（RH）和光照對其生物量的影響都是極顯著的，其關繫為：Y=－3859.39+25.35 T+23.03 RH+0.11 L；盛期時，隻有相對濕度和光照的作用顯著，關繫為：Y=1205.16+0.05 L－14.84RH；末期時，三因子中沒有一箇因子或因子的組閤有顯著作用。對于囌丹草，在生長季初期，溫度和相對濕度的作用明顯，其迴歸方程為：Y= 6186.48－69.38T－62.64 RH；盛期時，溫度、相對濕度和光照的作用都是顯著的，其關繫是：Y=－3777.95+11.61 T+16.36 RH+0.15 L；而在末期，光照和相對濕度與囌丹草榦重呈顯著迴歸：Y=－779.92+0.116 L－5.59 RH。
재강소동태해안대방호림내설치5개림분밀도소구，기록각소구불동생장계절적광조、지면온도화지면상대습도급기일변화，측정목초적증등작용、영양개치급기생물량적변화，분석림초복합계통적배경특정급기생태효응，결과표명：림분욱폐도대광조강도변화적영향가분위3개계단，저욱폐도시，욱폐도적변화대광조영향교소，중등욱폐도시영향최대，고욱폐도시영향우회감약。생장계성기，시구평균온도최고，위23.09±5.93 ℃，분별비초기화말기고24.3%화62.4%；차시평균상대습도위91.61%±1.57%，분별고우초기24.4%화말기32.9%。생장계성기소단초(Sorghum sudonense)적평균증등강도위3659.82%±489.44g*dm-2*h-1，비말기고1.72%。재IV구모협신초(Arthraxon pricnodes)단위면적적대사능、사료단위최고，분별위4.877×103 kJ*m-2화3890.64 FU*hm-2，비최저적I구고77.54%화80.87%。불론시단개생장계적온도，환시궤개생장계온도적조합，대우구미초(Setaria faberii)화소단초간중적영향도시불현저적，상대습도야시여차。생장계초기적광조（L）대구미초생물량（Y）회귀시현저적：Y=-724.19+0.063 L；생장계말기적광조대소단초적생물량시현저적：Y= －1093.30+0.11 L。대우구미초，재생장계초기，시구내온도（T）、상대습도（RH）화광조대기생물량적영향도시겁현저적，기관계위：Y=－3859.39+25.35 T+23.03 RH+0.11 L；성기시，지유상대습도화광조적작용현저，관계위：Y=1205.16+0.05 L－14.84RH；말기시，삼인자중몰유일개인자혹인자적조합유현저작용。대우소단초，재생장계초기，온도화상대습도적작용명현，기회귀방정위：Y= 6186.48－69.38T－62.64 RH；성기시，온도、상대습도화광조적작용도시현저적，기관계시：Y=－3777.95+11.61 T+16.36 RH+0.15 L；이재말기，광조화상대습도여소단초간중정현저회귀：Y=－779.92+0.116 L－5.59 RH。
We recorded climatic factors and physical and chemical characteristics of vegetation in 5 experimental shelter-belt forest plantations in Dongdai, Jiangsu province. The variables recorded were: solar radiation, ground temperature, ground relative humidity and daily variation in these across different growing seasons, and transpiration, nutrient value and biomass of herbage. The effects of forest canopy closure on solar radiation can be divided into 3 stages: under both high and low canopy closure variation in closure has little effect on variation in radiation while under medium canopy closure variation in closure has a large effect. At the peak of the growing season temperature in the experimental plots had a mean value of 23.1 ± 5.9° which is 24.3% and 62.4% higher, respectively, than the beginning and end of growing season. Relative humidity also peaks, at 91.6% ± 1.6%, 24.4% and 32.9% higher than the beginning and the end of growing season, respectively. Transpiration of Sorghum sudanense at the climax of growing season was 3660 ± 489 g*dm-2*h-1, just 1.7% higher than at the end of growing season. The metabolic energy and fodder unit of Arthraxon pricnodes per unit area reached a peak of 4.88×103 kJ*m-2 and 3891 FU*hm-2,77.5% and 80.8% higher than the lowest value. The effect of temperature on dry biomass of Setaria faberii and S. sudanense in each growing season was not significant, nor was relative humidity. On the other hand, the effect of solar radiation on the biomass of S. faberii was significant (Y=－724.2 + 0.063L) at the beginning of growing season, and on that of S. sudanense in the end of growing season (Y=－1093 + 0.11L). For the native grass S. faberii, all 3 environmental factors had a significant impact on biomass at the beginning of growing season: Y=－3859 + 25.35T + 23.03RH + 0.11L; but only relative humidity and solar radiation had a significant effect on biomass at the climax of the growing season: Y=1205.16+0.05L－14.84RH; there were no significant factors at the end of growing season. For the introduced grass S. sudanense, temperature and relative humidity had a significant effect on biomass at the beginning of growing season: Y= 6186－69.38T－62.64RH; all 3 factors had a significant effect on the biomass at the climax of growing season: Y=－3777.95+11.61T+16.36RH+0.15L; and solar radiation and relative humidity have a significant impact at the end of growing season: Y=－779.92+0.116L－5.59RH.
