资源与生态学报（英文版）
資源與生態學報（英文版）
자원여생태학보（영문판）
JOURNAL OF RESOURCES AND ECOLOGY
2010年
3期
211-215
,共5页
湿周法%永定河%生态需水%Tennant法
濕週法%永定河%生態需水%Tennant法
습주법%영정하%생태수수%Tennant법
wetted perimeter method%Yongding River%ecological water flow%Tennant method
作为北京市母亲河的永定河自上个世纪80年代以来三家店以下一直处于断流,河床裸露、河道两岸土地沙化严重,是北京春季沙尘天气的主要沙源之一,由于地下水超采严重,加之无水补给地下水,使得北京西部地区第四纪地下水已经基本枯竭,永定河的生态系统已经受到严重破坏.要想恢复或治理受损的河道生态环境,作为生态系统中最活跃最重要的水分多少要先算清楚.本文采用湿周法计算了永定河官厅水库下游三个控制断面(官厅水库(坝下)、雁翅、卢沟桥)的河道内生态需水流量,计算结果为:官厅水库(坝下)站的河道内流量为3.7 m3s-1(平水年P=50%,1978年),占年平均流量的20.7%,雁翅站的河道内流量为4.1 m3s-1(平水年P=50%,1981年),占年平均流量的20.1%,卢沟桥站的河道内流量为1.3m3s-1(平水年P=50%,1978年),占年平均流量的22.1%.若能按照计算的流量来补充河道水量,即可使永定河恢复其基本的生态功能,按照Tennant法的标准,基本能使当地的河道生态系统处于较为良好的状态.
作為北京市母親河的永定河自上箇世紀80年代以來三傢店以下一直處于斷流,河床裸露、河道兩岸土地沙化嚴重,是北京春季沙塵天氣的主要沙源之一,由于地下水超採嚴重,加之無水補給地下水,使得北京西部地區第四紀地下水已經基本枯竭,永定河的生態繫統已經受到嚴重破壞.要想恢複或治理受損的河道生態環境,作為生態繫統中最活躍最重要的水分多少要先算清楚.本文採用濕週法計算瞭永定河官廳水庫下遊三箇控製斷麵(官廳水庫(壩下)、雁翅、盧溝橋)的河道內生態需水流量,計算結果為:官廳水庫(壩下)站的河道內流量為3.7 m3s-1(平水年P=50%,1978年),佔年平均流量的20.7%,雁翅站的河道內流量為4.1 m3s-1(平水年P=50%,1981年),佔年平均流量的20.1%,盧溝橋站的河道內流量為1.3m3s-1(平水年P=50%,1978年),佔年平均流量的22.1%.若能按照計算的流量來補充河道水量,即可使永定河恢複其基本的生態功能,按照Tennant法的標準,基本能使噹地的河道生態繫統處于較為良好的狀態.
작위북경시모친하적영정하자상개세기80년대이래삼가점이하일직처우단류,하상라로、하도량안토지사화엄중,시북경춘계사진천기적주요사원지일,유우지하수초채엄중,가지무수보급지하수,사득북경서부지구제사기지하수이경기본고갈,영정하적생태계통이경수도엄중파배.요상회복혹치리수손적하도생태배경,작위생태계통중최활약최중요적수분다소요선산청초.본문채용습주법계산료영정하관청수고하유삼개공제단면(관청수고(패하)、안시、로구교)적하도내생태수수류량,계산결과위:관청수고(패하)참적하도내류량위3.7 m3s-1(평수년P=50%,1978년),점년평균류량적20.7%,안시참적하도내류량위4.1 m3s-1(평수년P=50%,1981년),점년평균류량적20.1%,로구교참적하도내류량위1.3m3s-1(평수년P=50%,1978년),점년평균류량적22.1%.약능안조계산적류량래보충하도수량,즉가사영정하회복기기본적생태공능,안조Tennant법적표준,기본능사당지적하도생태계통처우교위량호적상태.
Yongding River, as the mother river of Beijing city, has been dried up from Sanjia Dian since 1980s. The naked riverbed and the desertification of its both sides play a main role of sandy weather in spring of Beijing. The Quaternary period underground water of the west Beijing has been drained off,because of the overload of the underground water plus with no supply pouring into. The ecological system of Yongding River has severely been devastated. If we want Yongding River to be recovered, we should clarify the quantity of the most active and the most important water. This paper calculated the instream ecological flow in three monitored sections of Yongding River Guanting Reservoir with wetted perimeter method. The three sections are Guanting Reservoir (under dam), Yanchi and Lugou Bridge. Respectively,the flows in the instream of each section are 3.7 m3s-1 (the normal flow year, P=50%, 1978) accounting for 20.7% of the average annual flow, 4.1 m3s-1(the normal flow year, P=50%, 1981)accounting for 20.1% of the average annual flow and 1.3 m3s-1(the normal flow year, P=50%,1978)accounting for 22.1% of the average annual flow. If the supplies are according to the calculated flows, Yongding River will return back from it. Still according to the Tennant method, the Yongding River will maintain a health situation.
