资源与生态学报（英文版）
資源與生態學報（英文版）
자원여생태학보（영문판）
JOURNAL OF RESOURCES AND ECOLOGY
2011年
3期
202-209
,共8页
干扰%森林%碳排放%采伐%火灾%病虫鼠害( DPR)
榦擾%森林%碳排放%採伐%火災%病蟲鼠害( DPR)
간우%삼림%탄배방%채벌%화재%병충서해( DPR)
disturbance%forest%carbon emission%harvesting%forest fires%diseases,pests and rats (DPR)
对重要干扰过程导致森林植被向大气中的碳排放量进行评估,对于合理评估森林碳汇功能及其在应对全球气候变化中的作用是有重要意义的.本文基于有关森林干扰发生情况的林业统计资料和有关干扰引起生物量C转移过程与比例的假设条件,估算了近20年来采伐、火灾与病虫鼠害三种主要干扰每年从森林植被直接排放到大气中的C量.结果表明,近20年来,中国森林遭受了比较强烈的采伐、火灾与病虫鼠害干扰,并且这三种干扰在进入21世纪后有着比较明显的增加趋势.相应地,在1990-2009年间,采伐、火灾与病虫鼠害的C排放量年均分别为3425.16万tC、161.29万tC、428.80万tC,合计为4015.24万t.三种干扰的总C排放量在1990-1999年间年均为3079.40万t,在2000-2009年间年均为4951.09万t.从不同森林类型分布区的排放来看,中国森林主要干扰的年均C排放量及其年代际变化呈现比较明显的区域特征.干扰对中国森林碳平衡有着重大影响,针对干扰的森林管理可能具有较大的增汇潜力,并且在未来有关森林与陆地生态系统碳收支的模型研究中需考虑主要干扰的影响.
對重要榦擾過程導緻森林植被嚮大氣中的碳排放量進行評估,對于閤理評估森林碳彙功能及其在應對全毬氣候變化中的作用是有重要意義的.本文基于有關森林榦擾髮生情況的林業統計資料和有關榦擾引起生物量C轉移過程與比例的假設條件,估算瞭近20年來採伐、火災與病蟲鼠害三種主要榦擾每年從森林植被直接排放到大氣中的C量.結果錶明,近20年來,中國森林遭受瞭比較彊烈的採伐、火災與病蟲鼠害榦擾,併且這三種榦擾在進入21世紀後有著比較明顯的增加趨勢.相應地,在1990-2009年間,採伐、火災與病蟲鼠害的C排放量年均分彆為3425.16萬tC、161.29萬tC、428.80萬tC,閤計為4015.24萬t.三種榦擾的總C排放量在1990-1999年間年均為3079.40萬t,在2000-2009年間年均為4951.09萬t.從不同森林類型分佈區的排放來看,中國森林主要榦擾的年均C排放量及其年代際變化呈現比較明顯的區域特徵.榦擾對中國森林碳平衡有著重大影響,針對榦擾的森林管理可能具有較大的增彙潛力,併且在未來有關森林與陸地生態繫統碳收支的模型研究中需攷慮主要榦擾的影響.
대중요간우과정도치삼림식피향대기중적탄배방량진행평고,대우합리평고삼림탄회공능급기재응대전구기후변화중적작용시유중요의의적.본문기우유관삼림간우발생정황적임업통계자료화유관간우인기생물량C전이과정여비례적가설조건,고산료근20년래채벌、화재여병충서해삼충주요간우매년종삼림식피직접배방도대기중적C량.결과표명,근20년래,중국삼림조수료비교강렬적채벌、화재여병충서해간우,병차저삼충간우재진입21세기후유착비교명현적증가추세.상응지,재1990-2009년간,채벌、화재여병충서해적C배방량년균분별위3425.16만tC、161.29만tC、428.80만tC,합계위4015.24만t.삼충간우적총C배방량재1990-1999년간년균위3079.40만t,재2000-2009년간년균위4951.09만t.종불동삼림류형분포구적배방래간,중국삼림주요간우적년균C배방량급기년대제변화정현비교명현적구역특정.간우대중국삼림탄평형유착중대영향,침대간우적삼림관리가능구유교대적증회잠력,병차재미래유관삼림여륙지생태계통탄수지적모형연구중수고필주요간우적영향.
To investigate forest carbon sequestration and its role in addressing global climatic change,it is important to assess carbon emissions caused by major disturbances from forest ecosystems to the atmosphere.Based on forestry statistics on the occurrence of each disturbance and acceptable assumptions on the process and proportion of biomass carbon transferred to other pools due to each disturbance,this paper estimates the direct carbon emission from Chinese forest vegetation caused by three major disturbances,that is,wood harvesting,fire,and DPR,from 1990 to 2009.Results showed that over the past two decades,Chinese forests have been disturbed rather intensively by wood harvesting,fires,and DPR,with clear upward occurrence trends of the three disturbances in the early 21st century.As a result,the average annual carbon emissions caused by wood harvesting,fires,and DPR were 34.25 Tg,1.61 Tg,and 4.29 Tg,respectively,during 1990-2009.The aggregate annual carbon emission due to these three major disturbances was 40.15 Tg during 1990-2009,which was 30.79 Tg during 1990-1999 and 49.51Tg during 2000-2009.According to the analysis of carbon emissions from different forest regions,there were obvious regional characteristics of the average annual carbon emission caused by each disturbance.However,it was difficult to identify clear cause and effect relationships among disturbances to explain the spatial variation of carbon emissions from forest vegetation in China.Disturbances have significant influences on carbon balance of forest ecosystems in China.This finding suggests the opportunities for increasing forest carbon sequestration by disturbance-aimed sustainable long-term management of forest resources,as well as the necessity of considering the role of major disturbances in carbon budget models for forest ecosystems or terrestrial ecosystems.
