CAJ | 학술논문

主要研究多棒极型触发真空开关(TVS)的触发特性及其影响因素.研究表明,真空开关的触发时延主要由导通时延决定,增加触发电流的幅值和陡度(di/dt)可减小TVS的导通时延及其分散性.脉冲变压器直接触发TVS,可通过减小变压器漏感、提高触发电容的充电电压或增加触发电容电容量来降低导通时延及其分散性,但触发电容增加到一定值后对增加触发能量无帮助,没有必要继续增加.变压器直接触发方式可使导通时延减小至4ms左右,但分散性较大,且存在较小的触发回路电流导致的触发极熄弧现象.在脉冲变压器直接触发回路的基础上设计并研究了两种改进的触发回路:一种为脉冲变压器匹配续流回路,TVS导通时,通过续流回路的充电电容续流可使触发电流达kA级,导通时延减小至2～4μs,由于回路结构复杂,受到杂散参数影响,触发电流的幅值和陡度受到限制;一种为改进的触发回路,在触发极和阴极两端直接并接电容,导通时延可保持在1μs之内.最后研究并确定了并接电容选取依据和取值区间;对触发电压较小的TVS可在并接电容和触发极之间串联间隙,增大电容的充电电压和触发极能量,达到TVS可靠、精确触发的目的.
주요연구다봉겁형촉발진공개관(TVS)적촉발특성급기영향인소.연구표명,진공개관적촉발시연주요유도통시연결정,증가촉발전류적폭치화두도(di/dt)가감소TVS적도통시연급기분산성.맥충변압기직접촉발TVS,가통과감소변압기루감、제고촉발전용적충전전압혹증가촉발전용전용량래강저도통시연급기분산성,단촉발전용증가도일정치후대증가촉발능량무방조,몰유필요계속증가.변압기직접촉발방식가사도통시연감소지4ms좌우,단분산성교대,차존재교소적촉발회로전류도치적촉발겁식호현상.재맥충변압기직접촉발회로적기출상설계병연구료량충개진적촉발회로:일충위맥충변압기필배속류회로,TVS도통시,통과속류회로적충전전용속류가사촉발전류체kA급,도통시연감소지2～4μs,유우회로결구복잡,수도잡산삼수영향,촉발전류적폭치화두도수도한제;일충위개진적촉발회로,재촉발겁화음겁량단직접병접전용,도통시연가보지재1μs지내.최후연구병학정료병접전용선취의거화취치구간;대촉발전압교소적TVS가재병접전용화촉발겁지간천련간극,증대전용적충전전압화촉발겁능량,체도TVS가고、정학촉발적목적.
The paper mainly studies a kind multi-electrode type triggered vacuum switch (TVS) and its trigger characteristics. The research first indicated that the trigger delay time was mainly decided by conduction delay time of TVS. And the increase of amplitude and steepness of triggered current can decrease the trigger delay time and its jitter. In the pulse transformer direct trigger mode, by reducing the leakage inductance of transformer, increasing the charging voltage or capacitance of trigger circuit capacitor could decrease conduction delay time and its jitter. But the trigger capacitance could not be continuously enlarged for a limitation of trigger energy with the capacitance keeping rise. The conduction delay time can be decreased to about 4ms. And the shortcoming of direct trigger mode is the large jitter and an easy-arc-extinguished phenomenon brought from a small triggered current for none infinite small leakage inductance. Two other kinds of trigger circuits were designed and discussed on the base of pulse transformer direct trigger mode: ① Matching a continuous-flow current circuit to pulse transformer trigger circuit. The trigger current could be enlarged and uninterrupted by the discharge of capacitor in continuous-flow current circuit. In this mode, the trigger current could increase to magnitude of kA and conduction delay time decreased to 2～4μs. And amplitude and steepness of trigger current is limited by the influencing of stay parameters in complex circuit. ② Improved circuit based on pulse transformer trigger circuit. By directly paralleling a capacitor between the trigger electrode and cathode, the conduction delay time could be hold on within 1ms stably with a small jitter. At last, the choice of maximum and minimum value of paralleled capacitor was then identified by theoretical analysis and experimental study of trigger characteristics of TVS. A more reliable and accurate trigger mode could be achieved by installing a series air gap between paralleled capacitor and trigger electrode to increase the trigger energy by a rising of capacitor charging voltage if the trigger voltage is small.