CAJ | 학술논문

21世纪,中国的人口和经济的持续增长面临着资源短缺和生态脆弱的限制.提高资源利用效率和消减资源利用引起的环境影响是学术界和决策者面临的新课题.本文从资源流动的视角研究资源利用过程及其引起的环境影响.我们把资源流动过程分解为开采、加工、转化、消费等几个关键环节,评价其资源利用效率和环境影响,并寻求改善的途径.因其资源消耗量大、生态环境影响严重,我们选取了林木、煤炭及石油研究其资源与产品流动及其环境影响.林木产品的产量、进出口量和消费量数据来自中国森林统计年鉴(1949-2001).煤炭、石油的开采量、进出口量和消费量来自中国能源统计年鉴(1980-2006).研究表明:过去几十年,中国的资源利用效率有所提高,资源消费结构逐步改善,但资源消费总量居高不下,对生态环境构成极大的压力.
21세기,중국적인구화경제적지속증장면림착자원단결화생태취약적한제.제고자원이용효솔화소감자원이용인기적배경영향시학술계화결책자면림적신과제.본문종자원류동적시각연구자원이용과정급기인기적배경영향.아문파자원류동과정분해위개채、가공、전화、소비등궤개관건배절,평개기자원이용효솔화배경영향,병심구개선적도경.인기자원소모량대、생태배경영향엄중,아문선취료림목、매탄급석유연구기자원여산품류동급기배경영향.림목산품적산량、진출구량화소비량수거래자중국삼림통계년감(1949-2001).매탄、석유적개채량、진출구량화소비량래자중국능원통계년감(1980-2006).연구표명:과거궤십년,중국적자원이용효솔유소제고,자원소비결구축보개선,단자원소비총량거고불하,대생태배경구성겁대적압력.
In the 21st century, China is facing some challenges, e.g. population growth, rapid economy development, resources limitation and environmental vulnerability. Resource-use efficiency and the environmental impacts associated with growing resource utilization is a new challenge for both scientists and politicians, especially. In this paper, the concepts of resources and resource products flow is presented in order to analyze the environmental impacts that occur as a result of the resource flow process. We focus on forest resources, coal products and oil flows as these the main resources and products that are produced continuous severe and increasing environmental pressure. The data for domestic yield and exploitation, importation, exportation, and consumption, for various industries come from China's forest statistical yearbooks for the period 1949 to 2001, and China's energy statistical yearbooks for 1980 to 2006. We divided the resources flow process into key stages, such as harvest,exploitation, process or conversion and end consumption. Resources efficiency and environmental performance for each stage were evaluated. This study showed: resource-use efficiency improved and the structure of resources consumption has been optimized markedly in the past decades in China. However,the absolute quantities of resources consumption are still increasing, and the environment pressures originating from resource use became more severe.