CAJ | 학술논문

由自然和人为原因引起的生境丧失与生境破碎化已严重影响到野生动物的生存.大兴安岭北坡是国家一级保护动物紫貂(Martes zibellina)的主要分布区,1987年发生在这里的特大森林火灾造成了森林景观的严重破碎化,紫貂的生存面临极大的威胁.本文的研究目的是为了确定火灾13年后,紫貂冬季生境的恢复程度.首先根据紫貂对冬季生境的喜好选取对其生存影响较大的生态因子,结合数字化林相图,利用地理信息系统软件ArcGIS编制火烧前后的生境适宜性类型图.然后选取相关的景观格局指标,对火灾烧前后的生境格局进行对比分析.结果显示:尽管火后采取了一系列的森林恢复措施,但紫貂冬季适宜生境仍有大幅度减少,特别是中等适宜生境类型减少最为明显.适宜生境破碎化加剧,隔离度增加.适宜生境斑块的形状趋于简单,软边界比重有所增加.以上结果表明,与火前相比,紫貂生境明显恶化,需要较长的时间恢复.图4表5参41.
유자연화인위원인인기적생경상실여생경파쇄화이엄중영향도야생동물적생존.대흥안령북파시국가일급보호동물자초(Martes zibellina)적주요분포구,1987년발생재저리적특대삼림화재조성료삼림경관적엄중파쇄화,자초적생존면림겁대적위협.본문적연구목적시위료학정화재13년후,자초동계생경적회복정도.수선근거자초대동계생경적희호선취대기생존영향교대적생태인자,결합수자화림상도,이용지리신식계통연건ArcGIS편제화소전후적생경괄의성류형도.연후선취상관적경관격국지표,대화재소전후적생경격국진행대비분석.결과현시:진관화후채취료일계렬적삼림회복조시,단자초동계괄의생경잉유대폭도감소,특별시중등괄의생경류형감소최위명현.괄의생경파쇄화가극,격리도증가.괄의생경반괴적형상추우간단,연변계비중유소증가.이상결과표명,여화전상비,자초생경명현악화,수요교장적시간회복.도4표5삼41.
Habitat loss and fragmentation have been associated with the decline of endangered species. In 1987, a catastrophic fire in the northern Great Hing'an Mountains of China, where the main habitat of sables (Martes zibellina) is located, aggravated the loss and fragmentation of the forest landscape. Due to restricted distribution and low population density, sables were listed in the national first-grade protected species in China. The objective of this paper was to identify to what extent the habitat of sables had been restored 13 years after the fire. Based'on the behavioral data, which came from field survey information by radio-tracking, GPS (Global Positioning System) and forest inventory data, suitability habitat maps were derived using the Ecological Niche Suitability Model (ENSM). In addition, the habitat structure was analyzed with selected landscape indices. Although forest cover mostly had been restored by 2000, the results indicated that,compared to the pre-fire situation, the areas of suitable habitat had been reduced significantly, especially those of less suitable, marginally suitable and moderately suitable designation. Fragmentation was aggravated, and suitable patches were found to be further isolated with the exception of those in most suitable areas. The ratio of the patch perimeter toarea in unsuitable, moderately suitable and suitable areas decreased, while the ratios within other suitability types increased. Moreover, the percentage of soft boundaries decreased slightly, which can influence the redistribution of sables. The results above indicated that the suitable habitat had deteriorated, and the restoration of the sables' habitat remained to be done.