CAJ | 학술논문

近年来,有关果蔬产品采后诱导抗性的研究较多,生物和非生物因子(如微生物、化学物质、物理因素以及天然物质等)都能够诱导果蔬产品采后的抗性.生物因子研究较多的是拮抗菌,许多生物拮抗菌都具有自生和诱导果实产生抗病相关酶活性的作用,可以有效抑制病原菌的生长.物理诱导主要包括y-射线、离子辐射、紫外光照和热水处理等,热水浸泡柑橘果实能有效控制贮藏期间的腐烂;低剂量紫外光照射桃、芒果、草莓、葡萄和甜椒等果蔬产品可明显减轻采后病害.用于果蔬产品的化学诱导剂主要有β-氨基丁酸(BABA),苯丙噻重氮(ASM),水杨酸(SA),茉莉酸(JA)和茉莉酸甲酯(MJ)等.将SA与生物拮抗菌配合,可诱导甜樱桃果实过氧化物酶(POD),苯丙氨酸裂解酶(PAL)和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的活性,提高果实贮藏期间的抗病性;ASM在开花前处理哈密瓜也具有一定的抗病诱导效果;用BABA处理葡萄柚后,能刺激果实伤口附近PAL活性增加,增强了果实对绿霉病菌侵染的抵抗力;作为植物生长调节剂的JA及其酯化物MJ,对植物抗病性也具有明显的诱导作用,JA和MJ被认为是植物在病原菌侵染防御反应中细胞信号转导的一种关键物质;用MJ处理采后的苹果和桃果实能增强贮藏期间的抗病性,其诱导强度与果实的成熟度密切相关;将钙盐与生物拮抗菌配合使用,也显著提高拮抗菌的抑病效果.另外,在自然抗病物质中壳聚糖的使用较多,用它处理柑橘果实可提高贮藏期间绿霉病的防治效果.这些生物和非生物因子的诱导抗性机理主要涉及到寄主的细胞结构变化和生理生化反应.本文较详细地论述了诱导果蔬产品采后抗性的因子及其可能的诱导机理.
근년래,유관과소산품채후유도항성적연구교다,생물화비생물인자(여미생물、화학물질、물리인소이급천연물질등)도능구유도과소산품채후적항성.생물인자연구교다적시길항균,허다생물길항균도구유자생화유도과실산생항병상관매활성적작용,가이유효억제병원균적생장.물리유도주요포괄y-사선、리자복사、자외광조화열수처리등,열수침포감귤과실능유효공제저장기간적부란;저제량자외광조사도、망과、초매、포도화첨초등과소산품가명현감경채후병해.용우과소산품적화학유도제주요유β-안기정산(BABA),분병새중담(ASM),수양산(SA),말리산(JA)화말리산갑지(MJ)등.장SA여생물길항균배합,가유도첨앵도과실과양화물매(POD),분병안산렬해매(PAL)화β-1,3-포취당매적활성,제고과실저장기간적항병성;ASM재개화전처리합밀과야구유일정적항병유도효과;용BABA처리포도유후,능자격과실상구부근PAL활성증가,증강료과실대록매병균침염적저항력;작위식물생장조절제적JA급기지화물MJ,대식물항병성야구유명현적유도작용,JA화MJ피인위시식물재병원균침염방어반응중세포신호전도적일충관건물질;용MJ처리채후적평과화도과실능증강저장기간적항병성,기유도강도여과실적성숙도밀절상관;장개염여생물길항균배합사용,야현저제고길항균적억병효과.령외,재자연항병물질중각취당적사용교다,용타처리감귤과실가제고저장기간록매병적방치효과.저사생물화비생물인자적유도항성궤리주요섭급도기주적세포결구변화화생리생화반응.본문교상세지논술료유도과소산품채후항성적인자급기가능적유도궤리.
The phenomenon of induced resistance to postharvest disease in fruits and vegetables has been studied intensively in recent years. Biotic and abiotic inducers, including microbial agents, chemical compounds, physical treatment and nature substance, have been used in fruits and vegetables. The mechanism of resistance has been studied on cell structure, physiological and biochemical changes of host. In this paper, some of the strategy and defense expressed in postharvest fruits and vegetables will be discussed in relation to how the induced plants may restrict disease development.