中国生态农业学报
中國生態農業學報
중국생태농업학보
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ECO-AGRICULTURE
2010年
1期
123-128
,共6页
沈建凯%黄璜%傅志强%张亚%陈灿%金小马%廖晓兰%龙攀%高文娟%谢小婷
瀋建凱%黃璜%傅誌彊%張亞%陳燦%金小馬%廖曉蘭%龍攀%高文娟%謝小婷
침건개%황황%부지강%장아%진찬%금소마%료효란%룡반%고문연%사소정
规模稻鸭生态种养%杂草管理%群落组成%物种多样性%防治效果
規模稻鴨生態種養%雜草管理%群落組成%物種多樣性%防治效果
규모도압생태충양%잡초관리%군락조성%물충다양성%방치효과
Large-scale rice-duck eco-farming%Weed control%Community composition%Species diversity%Controlling effect
为探索规模稻鸭生态种养稻田杂草群落的变化动态, 运用植物群落生态的方法研究了规模稻鸭生态种养、常规稻鸭生态种养和水稻单一种植稻田杂草的群落变化特点及控草效果.结果表明: 规模稻鸭生态种养杂草密度显著降低, 与水稻单一种植比较防效为94%; 水稻分蘖到孕穗期稻田杂草主要由看麦娘(Alopecurus pratensis)、稗草(Echinochhloa crausgalli)、狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)、水花生(Alternanthera philoxeroides)、鸭舌草(Mouochoria vaginalis)、水竹叶(Murdannia triquetra)和鳢肠(Eclipta prostrata)组成, 抽穗期到成熟期主要由水花生、稗草、狗牙根和水竹叶组成.研究还表明, 规模稻鸭生态种养水稻分蘖期物种丰富度、Simpon指数、Shannon-Wiener指数略高于水稻单一种植, Pielou指数低于水稻单一种植; 孕穗期到成熟期物种丰富度、Simpon指数、Shannon-Wiener指数低于水稻单一种植, Pielou指数显著高于水稻单一种植.水稻全生育期规模稻鸭生态种养与常规稻鸭生态种养比较稻田杂草密度、杂草生物量和多样性指数差异不显著, 但杂草生物多样性指数略有提高.说明规模稻鸭生态种养显著改变稻田杂草的群落结构和组成, 可抑制杂草发生危害, 达到有效控草目的.
為探索規模稻鴨生態種養稻田雜草群落的變化動態, 運用植物群落生態的方法研究瞭規模稻鴨生態種養、常規稻鴨生態種養和水稻單一種植稻田雜草的群落變化特點及控草效果.結果錶明: 規模稻鴨生態種養雜草密度顯著降低, 與水稻單一種植比較防效為94%; 水稻分蘗到孕穗期稻田雜草主要由看麥孃(Alopecurus pratensis)、稗草(Echinochhloa crausgalli)、狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)、水花生(Alternanthera philoxeroides)、鴨舌草(Mouochoria vaginalis)、水竹葉(Murdannia triquetra)和鱧腸(Eclipta prostrata)組成, 抽穗期到成熟期主要由水花生、稗草、狗牙根和水竹葉組成.研究還錶明, 規模稻鴨生態種養水稻分蘗期物種豐富度、Simpon指數、Shannon-Wiener指數略高于水稻單一種植, Pielou指數低于水稻單一種植; 孕穗期到成熟期物種豐富度、Simpon指數、Shannon-Wiener指數低于水稻單一種植, Pielou指數顯著高于水稻單一種植.水稻全生育期規模稻鴨生態種養與常規稻鴨生態種養比較稻田雜草密度、雜草生物量和多樣性指數差異不顯著, 但雜草生物多樣性指數略有提高.說明規模稻鴨生態種養顯著改變稻田雜草的群落結構和組成, 可抑製雜草髮生危害, 達到有效控草目的.
위탐색규모도압생태충양도전잡초군락적변화동태, 운용식물군락생태적방법연구료규모도압생태충양、상규도압생태충양화수도단일충식도전잡초적군락변화특점급공초효과.결과표명: 규모도압생태충양잡초밀도현저강저, 여수도단일충식비교방효위94%; 수도분얼도잉수기도전잡초주요유간맥낭(Alopecurus pratensis)、패초(Echinochhloa crausgalli)、구아근(Cynodon dactylon)、수화생(Alternanthera philoxeroides)、압설초(Mouochoria vaginalis)、수죽협(Murdannia triquetra)화례장(Eclipta prostrata)조성, 추수기도성숙기주요유수화생、패초、구아근화수죽협조성.연구환표명, 규모도압생태충양수도분얼기물충봉부도、Simpon지수、Shannon-Wiener지수략고우수도단일충식, Pielou지수저우수도단일충식; 잉수기도성숙기물충봉부도、Simpon지수、Shannon-Wiener지수저우수도단일충식, Pielou지수현저고우수도단일충식.수도전생육기규모도압생태충양여상규도압생태충양비교도전잡초밀도、잡초생물량화다양성지수차이불현저, 단잡초생물다양성지수략유제고.설명규모도압생태충양현저개변도전잡초적군락결구화조성, 가억제잡초발생위해, 체도유효공초목적.
Changing characteristics of weed community, weed-controlling effect of large-scale rice-duck eco-farming (SF), conven-tional rice-duck eco-farming (CF) compared to mono-cropping rice (CK) were analyzed in order to explore the dynamics of weed communities in large-scale rice-duck eco-farming paddy fields. The study shows that weed density in paddy fields significantly de-creases with more than 94% grass-controlling effect under SF compared with CK. Before rice booting stage, weeds compose mainly of Alopecurus pratensis, Echinochhloa crausgalli, Cynodon dactylon, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Mouochoria vaginalis, Murdan-nia triquetra and Eclipta prostrata in SF. During heading to ripe stage, weeds are mainly A. philoxeroides, E. crausgalli, C. dactylon, M. triquetra. At tillering, species richness, Simpon index and Shannon-Wiener index are higher while Pielou index is lower in SF than in CK. From booting to ripening, weed species richness, Simpon index and Shannon-Wiener index are lower while Pielou index is significantly higher in SF than in CK. In the entire rice growth period, weed density, weed fresh weight and species diversity are not significantly different between SF and CF, but species diversity is higher in SF than in CF. SF changes the structure of weed community and decreases weed species diversity, effectively limiting weed infestation in paddy fields.
