背景:机关干部和知识分子担负着繁重的政务工作和教学、科研任务,了解和掌握其体质状况,将对指导其进行科学健身具有一定的现实意义.目的:调查邯郸市科研人员和机关干部的身体功能和形态及身体素质状况,分析存在的问题并提出解决的方法.设计:横断面调查.单位:河北省委党校.对象:2003-10用分层整群的随机抽样方法抽取河北省邯郸市政府机关部分干部和高校教师、研究院所研究人员,样本量为499名,其中男238名,女261名;20～39岁年龄段为成年甲组,占50.5%,40～59岁为成年乙组,占49.5%.方法:所有受试者进行问卷调查(内容包括是否住过医院、吸烟情况、锻炼情况、参加体育锻炼的项目、参加体育锻炼的场所、每次锻炼时间、每周锻炼的次数等)和体质测量.主要观察指标:①身体功能与形态指标,包括身高、体质量、胸围、腰围、臀围、身体各部位皮褶厚度、安静脉搏、血压、肺活量等.②身体素质指标,包括握力、坐位体前屈、闭眼单腿站立、选择反应时、简单反应时、背力、纵跳、10 m×4往返跑、俯卧撑(男)/仰卧起坐(女)等.依据国家体育总局颁发的<中国成年人体质测定标准>对测试结果进行评分,≥17分为及格,17分以下为不及格.③体质现状与生活方式的关系.结果:499人全部进入结果分析.①随年龄增加,无论男女,体质量增加,围度变大,皮下脂肪增多,体形"横"向发展.功能变化的特点是,20～40岁女子的身体功能相对较稳定,40岁以后身体功能开始下降.成年男子的身体功能呈缓慢而较为平稳的下降,下降的速度低于女子.男子在力量素质、下肢爆发力、位置感觉、视觉和本体感觉的协调能力、动作速度和反应速度等均优于女子,而关节、肌肉和韧带的伸展性和柔韧性则女子优于男子.男子在20～40岁各项身体素质保持较好,40岁后柔韧性素质和动作速度与反应速度等素质开始迅速衰退.②成年甲组及格率男子87.5%,女子87.3%;成年乙组及格率男子80.2%,女子74.8%.③有锻炼习惯的人群其及格率远高于不锻炼组,但有锻炼习惯的人群所占的比例很低,成年甲组男子为40.7%,女子为28.6%,成年乙组男子为37.3%,女子为31.6%.④从不和偶尔吸烟者体质明显好于经常吸烟者;曾住院的人群,其及格率明显偏低.⑤参加体育锻炼在每周三四次者,及格率较高,每次锻炼时间在30～60 min者及格率最高.结论:①无论男女,40岁以后体质有显著下降.②参加体育活动明显提高身体素质.③吸烟对体质有明显副作用,④每次参加体育锻炼时间在30～60 min,每周参加体育锻炼三四次比较适宜增强体质.
揹景:機關榦部和知識分子擔負著繁重的政務工作和教學、科研任務,瞭解和掌握其體質狀況,將對指導其進行科學健身具有一定的現實意義.目的:調查邯鄲市科研人員和機關榦部的身體功能和形態及身體素質狀況,分析存在的問題併提齣解決的方法.設計:橫斷麵調查.單位:河北省委黨校.對象:2003-10用分層整群的隨機抽樣方法抽取河北省邯鄲市政府機關部分榦部和高校教師、研究院所研究人員,樣本量為499名,其中男238名,女261名;20～39歲年齡段為成年甲組,佔50.5%,40～59歲為成年乙組,佔49.5%.方法:所有受試者進行問捲調查(內容包括是否住過醫院、吸煙情況、鍛煉情況、參加體育鍛煉的項目、參加體育鍛煉的場所、每次鍛煉時間、每週鍛煉的次數等)和體質測量.主要觀察指標:①身體功能與形態指標,包括身高、體質量、胸圍、腰圍、臀圍、身體各部位皮褶厚度、安靜脈搏、血壓、肺活量等.②身體素質指標,包括握力、坐位體前屈、閉眼單腿站立、選擇反應時、簡單反應時、揹力、縱跳、10 m×4往返跑、俯臥撐(男)/仰臥起坐(女)等.依據國傢體育總跼頒髮的<中國成年人體質測定標準>對測試結果進行評分,≥17分為及格,17分以下為不及格.③體質現狀與生活方式的關繫.結果:499人全部進入結果分析.①隨年齡增加,無論男女,體質量增加,圍度變大,皮下脂肪增多,體形"橫"嚮髮展.功能變化的特點是,20～40歲女子的身體功能相對較穩定,40歲以後身體功能開始下降.成年男子的身體功能呈緩慢而較為平穩的下降,下降的速度低于女子.男子在力量素質、下肢爆髮力、位置感覺、視覺和本體感覺的協調能力、動作速度和反應速度等均優于女子,而關節、肌肉和韌帶的伸展性和柔韌性則女子優于男子.男子在20～40歲各項身體素質保持較好,40歲後柔韌性素質和動作速度與反應速度等素質開始迅速衰退.②成年甲組及格率男子87.5%,女子87.3%;成年乙組及格率男子80.2%,女子74.8%.③有鍛煉習慣的人群其及格率遠高于不鍛煉組,但有鍛煉習慣的人群所佔的比例很低,成年甲組男子為40.7%,女子為28.6%,成年乙組男子為37.3%,女子為31.6%.④從不和偶爾吸煙者體質明顯好于經常吸煙者;曾住院的人群,其及格率明顯偏低.⑤參加體育鍛煉在每週三四次者,及格率較高,每次鍛煉時間在30～60 min者及格率最高.結論:①無論男女,40歲以後體質有顯著下降.②參加體育活動明顯提高身體素質.③吸煙對體質有明顯副作用,④每次參加體育鍛煉時間在30～60 min,每週參加體育鍛煉三四次比較適宜增彊體質.
배경:궤관간부화지식분자담부착번중적정무공작화교학、과연임무,료해화장악기체질상황,장대지도기진행과학건신구유일정적현실의의.목적:조사함단시과연인원화궤관간부적신체공능화형태급신체소질상황,분석존재적문제병제출해결적방법.설계:횡단면조사.단위:하북성위당교.대상:2003-10용분층정군적수궤추양방법추취하북성함단시정부궤관부분간부화고교교사、연구원소연구인원,양본량위499명,기중남238명,녀261명;20～39세년령단위성년갑조,점50.5%,40～59세위성년을조,점49.5%.방법:소유수시자진행문권조사(내용포괄시부주과의원、흡연정황、단련정황、삼가체육단련적항목、삼가체육단련적장소、매차단련시간、매주단련적차수등)화체질측량.주요관찰지표:①신체공능여형태지표,포괄신고、체질량、흉위、요위、둔위、신체각부위피습후도、안정맥박、혈압、폐활량등.②신체소질지표,포괄악력、좌위체전굴、폐안단퇴참립、선택반응시、간단반응시、배력、종도、10 m×4왕반포、부와탱(남)/앙와기좌(녀)등.의거국가체육총국반발적<중국성년인체질측정표준>대측시결과진행평분,≥17분위급격,17분이하위불급격.③체질현상여생활방식적관계.결과:499인전부진입결과분석.①수년령증가,무론남녀,체질량증가,위도변대,피하지방증다,체형"횡"향발전.공능변화적특점시,20～40세녀자적신체공능상대교은정,40세이후신체공능개시하강.성년남자적신체공능정완만이교위평은적하강,하강적속도저우녀자.남자재역량소질、하지폭발력、위치감각、시각화본체감각적협조능력、동작속도화반응속도등균우우녀자,이관절、기육화인대적신전성화유인성칙녀자우우남자.남자재20～40세각항신체소질보지교호,40세후유인성소질화동작속도여반응속도등소질개시신속쇠퇴.②성년갑조급격솔남자87.5%,녀자87.3%;성년을조급격솔남자80.2%,녀자74.8%.③유단련습관적인군기급격솔원고우불단련조,단유단련습관적인군소점적비례흔저,성년갑조남자위40.7%,녀자위28.6%,성년을조남자위37.3%,녀자위31.6%.④종불화우이흡연자체질명현호우경상흡연자;증주원적인군,기급격솔명현편저.⑤삼가체육단련재매주삼사차자,급격솔교고,매차단련시간재30～60 min자급격솔최고.결론:①무론남녀,40세이후체질유현저하강.②삼가체육활동명현제고신체소질.③흡연대체질유명현부작용,④매차삼가체육단련시간재30～60 min,매주삼가체육단련삼사차비교괄의증강체질.
BACKGROUND: Officers and intellectuals are bearing heavy government affairs and tasks of teaching and scientific research. It is practically important to acknowledge and master their body constitution, which can help to instruct them to scientifically build their bodies.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the body function and shape as well as body constitution of scientific researchers and officers in Handan, and analyze the existing problems and bring out the settlement.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.SETTING: Hebei Provincial Committee Party School.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 499 subjects, aged 20-59 years, including238 males and 261 females were selected from government officers, university teachers and scientific researchers of institute and aeademy by using stratified and cluster random sampling. Subjects aged 20-39 were divided into adult group A (50.5%), and those with the age ranged 40-59 were taken as adult group B (49.5%).METHODS: All subjects fulfilled the questionnaire (including whether they had hospitalized history, and the smoking condition, exercise condition, reasons why did not participate in the sports, sports items that patients took part in, the place they conducted athletic activities, time of each exercise and exercise times per week etc.) and were measured of the body constitution.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Indexes of body function and shape,including body height, body mass, chest circumference, waistline, hip circumference and skinfold at all parts of body as well as the pulse in quiet state, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and lung capacity etc. ②Indexes of body constitution, including grasp force,bend-ahead in sitting, stand up on one leg with eyes closed, choice reaction time simple reaction time, back strength, 10 m×4 shuttle run, and pushup (male)/sit-up (female) etc. The results of test were scaled according to the Report of Monitoring of Chinese Adult Constitution, edited by the State Physical Cultural Administration. Those with the score greater than 17 points passed, while those less than 17 points failed.③The relationship between status quo of body constitution and life style.RESULTS: A total of 499 subjects were involved in the analysis of results.①With the age increasing, the body mass in males and females were increased with circumferences being enlarged and subcutaneous fat increased, and the shape was in horizontal development. The body function in females with the age ranged 20-40 were relatively stable, and began to descend at 40. The body function in adult males descended gradually and stably with the descending speed lower than in females. The force, bursting strength of lower limbs, position sense, coordination of sight and proprioceptive sense, speed in motion and response etc. Of adult males were better than males, while the extensibility and tenacity of joint, muscle and tendon were superior in females than in males. All indexes of constitution in males aged 20-40 were better, while the tenacity and speed in motion and response of males older than 40 began to decay rapidly. ②The pass rate in males of adult group A was 87.5% and was 87.3% in females, while that in males of adult group B was 80.2% and was 74.8% in females. ③The pass rate in populations with exercise custom was greatly higher than in those without it, while the proportion of exercise people accounted little in the subjects. It accounted for 40.7% in males of adult group A and for 28.6% in females, and it accounted for 37.3% in males of adult group B, and for 31.6% in females. ④Body constitution in people who never smoke and occasionally smoke were better than in those often smoke. The pass rate in people who had been hospitalized was a little lower. ⑤The pass rate in subjects who exercised three or four times each week was much higher,and it was the highest in subjects exercised 30-60 minutes each time.CONCLUSION: ①The constitution in population older than 40 is significantly worse and worse. ②Sports activities can remarkably promote the body constitution.③Smoking has obvious side effects on body constitution.④It can reinforce the body constitution by doing sports activity for 30-60 minutes and 3 or 4 times each week.
