CAJ | 학술논문

建国以来,我国通过各种途径引进了各类国外水稻种质,其中9963份已被国家种质库正式编目.通过检疫、隔离种植和多年评价,一批优异种质被直接或间接利用于水稻育种和生产.在我国水稻生产中,连续几年年种植面积超过6.67万hm~2(100万亩)和在6 670~66 700 hm~2(10万~100万亩)的国外常规品种分别为22个和81个;具有国外胞质雄性不育和/或国外强恢复系(亲本/血缘)、年种植面积超过40万hm~2(600万亩)的杂交水稻组合33个;一大批国外引进种质已成为不同时期我国高产、优质和多抗水稻育种的骨干亲本,近60年来衍生了2000余个新品种.据不完全统计,60年来,因直接和间接利用国外引入水稻种质而增产的稻谷超过773亿kg, 产生了巨大的经济效益和社会效益.因此,加强国外水稻种质资源的引入,对于丰富我国稻种资源宝库,增加遗传多样性,防止遗传脆弱性,保证我国粮食安全意义重大.
건국이래,아국통과각충도경인진료각류국외수도충질,기중9963빈이피국가충질고정식편목.통과검역、격리충식화다년평개,일비우이충질피직접혹간접이용우수도육충화생산.재아국수도생산중,련속궤년년충식면적초과6.67만hm~2(100만무)화재6 670~66 700 hm~2(10만~100만무)적국외상규품충분별위22개화81개;구유국외포질웅성불육화/혹국외강회복계(친본/혈연)、년충식면적초과40만hm~2(600만무)적잡교수도조합33개;일대비국외인진충질이성위불동시기아국고산、우질화다항수도육충적골간친본,근60년래연생료2000여개신품충.거불완전통계,60년래,인직접화간접이용국외인입수도충질이증산적도곡초과773억kg, 산생료거대적경제효익화사회효익.인차,가강국외수도충질자원적인입,대우봉부아국도충자원보고,증가유전다양성,방지유전취약성,보증아국양식안전의의중대.
Since 1949, more than 9963 varieties and entries of foreign rice germplasm have been introduced into China for evaluation and utilization. Among of which, 22 and 81 introduced varieties were annually planted over 66 700 hectare and 6 670-66 700 hectare each in some years, respectively. There were 33 most important rice hybrids derived from foreign cytoplasmic male sterile and/or restorer descents with the largest annual planting area more than 0.4 million hectare each in a certain period. Besides, a large number of elite foreign rice materials have been utilized as cross bone-parents in various breeding programs, from which more than 2000 new varieties have been created and released for cultivation during the pasted 60 years. The statistical analysis indicated that more than 77.3 million tones of rough rice had been increased due to direct and/or indirect utilization of these introduced foreign rice varieties/materials, showing significant benefits both in economic and social domains. Therefore, strengthening introduction of foreign rice germplasm is one of the agricultural strategies to enrich cultivar's genetic diversity in rice improvement,and to increase rice production for food security in China.