CAJ | 학술논문

目的研究空气细颗粒物(PM2.5)暴露对交通警察呼吸道症状及肺通气功能的影响.方法使用个体采样器测定上海市区107名男性外勤交通警察(高暴露组)及101名居民(一般暴露组)PM2.5的暴露情况,问卷调查获得交通警察和居民的基本情况、呼吸道症状,测定用力呼气肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1.0)、FEV1.0/FVC%和最大呼出流速(PEF).比较交通警察和居民PM2.5暴露及呼吸道症状、肺通气功能的差异,对交通警察按工龄分组,研究工龄对肺通气功能的影响,并对肺通气功能降低与颗粒物暴露水平的进行相关分析.结果交通警察和居民细颗粒物24 h个体平均暴露浓度为分别(115.4±46.17)和(74.94±40.09)μg/m3,高暴露组PM2.5暴露水平明显高于一般暴露组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).高暴露组咳嗽、咳痰、咽部不适及气喘、气短和鼻部不适的发生率明显高于一般暴露组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),高暴露组肺通气功能指标FVC实测/FVC预计%和FEV 1.0实测/FEV1.0预计%的异常率分别为25.23%和12.15%,一般暴露组FVC实测/FVC预计%和FEV1.0实测/FEV1.0预计%的异常率分别为11.88%和2.97%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),且高暴露组FVC实测/FVC预计%、FEV1.0实测/FEV1.0预计%异常率随工龄延长呈现升高的趋势.结论长期暴露于较高水平的PM2.5会危害人体呼吸系统健康,导致呼吸道症状增多,降低肺通气功能.
목적 연구공기세과립물(PM2.5)폭로대교통경찰호흡도증상급폐통기공능적영향.방법 사용개체채양기측정상해시구107명남성외근교통경찰(고폭로조)급101명거민(일반폭로조)PM2.5적폭로정황,문권조사획득교통경찰화거민적기본정황、호흡도증상,측정용력호기폐활량(FVC)、제1초용력호기용적(FEV1.0)、FEV1.0/FVC%화최대호출류속(PEF).비교교통경찰화거민PM2.5폭로급호흡도증상、폐통기공능적차이,대교통경찰안공령분조,연구공령대폐통기공능적영향,병대폐통기공능강저여과립물폭로수평적진행상관분석.결과 교통경찰화거민세과립물24 h개체평균폭로농도위분별(115.4±46.17)화(74.94±40.09)μg/m3,고폭로조PM2.5폭로수평명현고우일반폭로조,차이유통계학의의(P＜0.01).고폭로조해수、해담、인부불괄급기천、기단화비부불괄적발생솔명현고우일반폭로조,차이유통계학의의(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),고폭로조폐통기공능지표FVC실측/FVC예계%화FEV 1.0실측/FEV1.0예계%적이상솔분별위25.23%화12.15%,일반폭로조FVC실측/FVC예계%화FEV1.0실측/FEV1.0예계%적이상솔분별위11.88%화2.97%,량조비교,차이유통계학의의(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),차고폭로조FVC실측/FVC예계%、FEV1.0실측/FEV1.0예계%이상솔수공령연장정현승고적추세.결론 장기폭로우교고수평적PM2.5회위해인체호흡계통건강,도치호흡도증상증다,강저폐통기공능.
Objective To explore effects of airborne fine particulate matter exposure on human respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function. Methods One hundred and seven field traffic policemen were recruited as airborne fine particulate matter high-exposure group and one hundred and one male residents as common exposure group. The individual sampler was used to measure fine particulate matter exposure levels of the two groups. To obtain personal information, especially respiratory symptoms such as cough, sputum, etc. a questionnaire survey was used. The pulmonary ventilation function was detected: forced expiratory vital capacity(FVC), the first 1 second forced expiratory volume (FEV1.0), FVC/FEV1.0% and peak flow values (PEF),and the difference of fine particulate matter exposure level and respiratory function of the two groups was compared. Results 24 h individual average fine particulate matter exposure concentration of traffic police and residents were respectively (115.4±46.17) μg/m3 and (74.94±40.09) μg/m3, the traffic police PM2.5 exposure levels were significantly higher than the residents. In the incidence of respiratory symptoms, compared with high-exposure group and common exposure group, coughing, expectoration, throat unwell, asthma, short of breath and nose discomfort, traffic police group was higher than residents group(P＜0.05 ). The abnormal rate of lung ventilation function indexes, such as FVC and FEV1.0 was 25.23 % and 12.15% respectively in high-exposure group, 11.88% and 2.97% in common exposure group, there was no statistical difference between two groups. Besides, the abnormal rate of FVC and FEVe1.0, showed rising trend in high-exposure group with seniority. Conclusion Long-term higher levels of airborne fine particulate matter exposure, may impact respiratory health and impair pulmonary function.