CAJ | 학술논문

利用微卫星(SSR)标记技术和DNA混合取样方法,选取均匀覆盖玉米染色体组的42对SSR引物,检测了来自我国西南地区54个玉米地方品种的遗传多样性.在54个玉米地方品种中检测到256个等位基因,每个SSR标记的等位基因数为2～9个,平均6.1个,说明我国西南地区玉米地方品种遗传多样性丰富.根据遗传相似系数矩阵做出的树状图,将54个玉米地方品种大致划分成4类,来源于同一地区的多数玉米地方品种划分在同一类中,表明西南地区玉米地方品种的地理分布与其遗传背景存在内在联系.从54个玉米地方品种中选出11个,每个品种选取15个单株,共165个DNA单株样品,分析玉米地方品种的遗传结构及其品种内的遗传多样性.对于检测玉米地方品种的遗传多样性,DNA单株样品分析优于DNA混合样品分析,42对相同的SSR引物在11个玉米地方品种中检测到330个等位基因,平均等位基因数A=7.86,有效等位基因数Ae=3.90,平均期望杂合度He=0.69,实际观察杂合度H0=0.37.据遗传结构分析结果,固定指数(F)为0.25～0.79,表明玉米地方品种是典型的混合繁育系统;由于杂合体不足,玉米地方品种群体间及群体内的遗传结构均偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡;杂合性基因多样度比率(Fst)平均为0.07,表明品种间和品种内的遗传变异分别占总遗传变异的7%和93%.玉米地方品种内遗传多样性及品种间遗传距离分析结果表明,在我国西南地区,分布在四川的玉米地方品种具有最丰富的遗传变异.经综合分析推测,我国西南地区玉米地方品种最早引进到四川种植,由此向毗邻地区传播扩散.
이용미위성(SSR)표기기술화DNA혼합취양방법,선취균균복개옥미염색체조적42대SSR인물,검측료래자아국서남지구54개옥미지방품충적유전다양성.재54개옥미지방품충중검측도256개등위기인,매개SSR표기적등위기인수위2～9개,평균6.1개,설명아국서남지구옥미지방품충유전다양성봉부.근거유전상사계수구진주출적수상도,장54개옥미지방품충대치화분성4류,래원우동일지구적다수옥미지방품충화분재동일류중,표명서남지구옥미지방품충적지리분포여기유전배경존재내재련계.종54개옥미지방품충중선출11개,매개품충선취15개단주,공165개DNA단주양품,분석옥미지방품충적유전결구급기품충내적유전다양성.대우검측옥미지방품충적유전다양성,DNA단주양품분석우우DNA혼합양품분석,42대상동적SSR인물재11개옥미지방품충중검측도330개등위기인,평균등위기인수A=7.86,유효등위기인수Ae=3.90,평균기망잡합도He=0.69,실제관찰잡합도H0=0.37.거유전결구분석결과,고정지수(F)위0.25～0.79,표명옥미지방품충시전형적혼합번육계통;유우잡합체불족,옥미지방품충군체간급군체내적유전결구균편리료Hardy-Weinberg평형;잡합성기인다양도비솔(Fst)평균위0.07,표명품충간화품충내적유전변이분별점총유전변이적7%화93%.옥미지방품충내유전다양성급품충간유전거리분석결과표명,재아국서남지구,분포재사천적옥미지방품충구유최봉부적유전변이.경종합분석추측,아국서남지구옥미지방품충최조인진도사천충식,유차향비린지구전파확산.
Genetic diversity of 54 maize landraces from southwest China was tested using bulk DNA samples and 42 microsatellite(SSR) loci distributed on 10 chromosomes of maize. A total of 256 alleles were detected among the landraces. At each locus, the number of alleles varied from 2 to 9, with an average of 6.1. On the basis of the genetic similarity coefficients, clustering analysis separated the landraces into four groups. The landraces collected from the same region were mostly grouped together. To reveal the genetic structure and genetic diversity within landraces, 165 individuals from 11 landraces were analyzed. Individual DNA samples proved to be superior to bulk DNA samples in identifying genetic diversity of landraces. A total of 330 alleles were detected in the respectively. An obvious genetic deviation from Hardy-Weinberg expectation was observed both among and within landraces and a considerable genetic variation was revealed within rather than among landraces. In addition, genetic diversity of landraces was greater in Sichuan than in the other three regions. It can be concluded that maize landraces in southwest China were initially introduced to Sichuan and from there to adjacent areas.