中国海商法年刊
中國海商法年刊
중국해상법년간
ANNUAL OF CHINA MARITIME LAW
2011年
4期
92-98
,共7页
因果关系%两分法%事实因果关系%法律因果关系%责任比例认定
因果關繫%兩分法%事實因果關繫%法律因果關繫%責任比例認定
인과관계%량분법%사실인과관계%법률인과관계%책임비례인정
causation%bifurcated approach%factual causation%legal causation%liability apportionment
在分析、比较英美法系、大陆法系因果关系理论的基础上,提出在船舶碰撞损害赔偿责任比例认定过程中,可采用＂两分法＂,即首先运用＂相当因果关系理论＂认定事实上的因果关系,即认定船舶从相遇到碰撞发生的整个过程中的过失行为对碰撞事故发生及碰撞损害后果的作用力的大小;然后采用＂直接结果理论＂和＂可预见理论＂认定船舶过失行为与损害后果之间的法律上的因果关系,而法律推定因果关系方法则不应当适用。
在分析、比較英美法繫、大陸法繫因果關繫理論的基礎上,提齣在船舶踫撞損害賠償責任比例認定過程中,可採用＂兩分法＂,即首先運用＂相噹因果關繫理論＂認定事實上的因果關繫,即認定船舶從相遇到踫撞髮生的整箇過程中的過失行為對踫撞事故髮生及踫撞損害後果的作用力的大小;然後採用＂直接結果理論＂和＂可預見理論＂認定船舶過失行為與損害後果之間的法律上的因果關繫,而法律推定因果關繫方法則不應噹適用。
재분석、비교영미법계、대륙법계인과관계이론적기출상,제출재선박팽당손해배상책임비례인정과정중,가채용＂량분법＂,즉수선운용＂상당인과관계이론＂인정사실상적인과관계,즉인정선박종상우도팽당발생적정개과정중적과실행위대팽당사고발생급팽당손해후과적작용력적대소;연후채용＂직접결과이론＂화＂가예견이론＂인정선박과실행위여손해후과지간적법률상적인과관계,이법률추정인과관계방법칙불응당괄용。
Based on comparative analysis of the causation theories under the common law and the civil law system,this paper puts forward the application of bifurcated approach to the liability apportionment in collision compensation.Firstly,the theory of correspondious casuality may be applied to determine the factual causation,which emphasizes the contribution of the vessel＇s fault to the occurrence of collision and damages arising therefrom during the whole process from meeting of vessels until collision.The theories of direct consequence and foreseeability rule may then be applied to define the legal causation between the vessel＇s fault and damages arising from collision.The legal presumption of causation method shall not be applied.
