CAJ | 학술논문

采用强制通风静态堆肥装置研究了添加木霉和鸡粪对牛粪高温堆肥过程中氮素形态及其相关微生物的影响.结果表明:加入木霉和鸡粪均使堆体高温期延长,高温期pH增加幅度减小.对照、加木霉和加鸡粪处理中高温期氨气释放量最高分别为413、197和216 mg/(kg·d);加木霉使高温期的氨态氮最高含量比对照低 18.0%,加鸡粪使高温期氨态氮最高含量比对照多10.5%;在高温期,加木霉和加鸡粪处理中硝态氮最高含量分别是对照的1.85倍和1.71倍;堆肥结束时,对照中有机氮含量比初始减少19.1%、总氮含量减少21.6%,加木霉和加鸡粪处理中有机氮含量分别比初始增加4.5%和2.2%、总氮含量分别增加1.7%和5.5%,加木霉和鸡粪均有利于氨基糖态氮和氨基酸态氮的积累,有利于有机氮的形成和保留.整个堆肥过程中氨化细菌数量最大,氨化细菌和硝化细菌数量在加木霉和加鸡粪处理中均比对照多;高温阶段,反硝化细菌数量在加木霉处理中较对照多,固氮菌在加鸡粪处理中较对照多;降温阶段,固氮菌数在加木霉处理中较对照多.
채용강제통풍정태퇴비장치연구료첨가목매화계분대우분고온퇴비과정중담소형태급기상관미생물적영향.결과표명:가입목매화계분균사퇴체고온기연장,고온기pH증가폭도감소.대조、가목매화가계분처리중고온기안기석방량최고분별위413、197화216 mg/(kg·d);가목매사고온기적안태담최고함량비대조저 18.0%,가계분사고온기안태담최고함량비대조다10.5%;재고온기,가목매화가계분처리중초태담최고함량분별시대조적1.85배화1.71배;퇴비결속시,대조중유궤담함량비초시감소19.1%、총담함량감소21.6%,가목매화가계분처리중유궤담함량분별비초시증가4.5%화2.2%、총담함량분별증가1.7%화5.5%,가목매화계분균유리우안기당태담화안기산태담적적루,유리우유궤담적형성화보류.정개퇴비과정중안화세균수량최대,안화세균화초화세균수량재가목매화가계분처리중균비대조다;고온계단,반초화세균수량재가목매처리중교대조다,고담균재가계분처리중교대조다;강온계단,고담균수재가목매처리중교대조다.
The composting experiment was taken to study the effect of fungi and chicken manure on changes of several main nitrogen forms and it's related microbial during cow manures composting in aerated static piles. The results showed that high-temperature period was longer and increasing extent of pH during cow composting adding fungi and chicken manure was less than that in control. The maximum ammonia volatilization of high-temperature period in control, adding fungi and adding chicken manure treatments were 413, 197, and 216 mg/(kg·d). Ammonia nitrogen content was increased in high-temperature period and then decreased. The addition of fungi decreased the maximum ammonia nitrogen by 18.0% than control, and the addition of chicken manure increased the maximum ammonia nitrogen by 10.5% than control. In thermophilic period, maximum nitrate nitrogen content in adding fungi and adding chicken manure treatments were 1.85 and 1.71 times of control. At the end of composting, organic nitrogen content decreased by 19.1% and total nitrogen decreased by 21.6% than initial stage in control treatment, while organic nitrogen content increased by 4.5% and 2.2%, and total nitrogen increased by 1.7% and 5.5% than initial stage in adding fungi and adding chicken manure treatments. The addition of fungi and chicken manure were beneficial to accumulation of amino sugar nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen, and formation and retention of organic nitrogen. In the whole process, ammonifier was the most. Ammonifier and nitrifier in adding fungi and adding chicken manure treatments was more than in control treatment. In thermophilic phase, denitrifier in adding fungi treatment was more than control, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in adding chicken manure treatments was more than control. During cooling stage, nitrogen-fixing bacteria in adding fungi treatment was more than control.