CAJ | 학술논문

以棉属四个栽培棉种进行种间杂交,产生(亚洲棉×草棉)和(陆地棉×海岛棉)2个二元杂种F1及其[(亚洲棉×草棉)×(陆地棉×海岛棉)]四元杂种F1,观察和测定4个栽培棉种及其2个二元杂种F1和四元杂种F1的花粉母细胞(PMC)减数分裂的染色体行为及其花粉生活力,以研究4个栽培棉种间的亲缘关系和进化关系.结果表明,二元杂种(亚洲棉×草棉)F1的PMC减数分裂中期Ⅰ出现一个四体环,其余为二价体,染色体构型为2n=26=11Ⅱ+1Ⅳ;花粉生活力的测定表明,(亚洲棉×草棉)F1可育型花粉为50.71%,表现为典型的配子半不育特性,说明两个二倍体棉种间发生一次染色体易位.(陆地棉×海岛棉)F1以26个二价体细胞为主,但有少量的单价体、三价体以及四价体,染色体构型为2n=52=0.78 Ⅰ+22.24Ⅱ+0.94Ⅲ+0.98Ⅳ.花粉生活力的测定表明,(陆地棉×海岛棉)F1可育型花粉为54.84%,可见2个四倍体棉种间亲缘关系较近,二者之间仅发生了染色体的易位或倒位.而由4个栽培种合成的四元杂种F1,其减数分裂异常,染色体丢失现象普遍,部分染色体不能联会配对,以单价体的形式存在,并出现三价体、四价体、五价体等多价体,染色体构型为2n=52=5.45 Ⅰ+14.41Ⅱ+2.44Ⅲ+1.59Ⅳ+0.63Ⅴ+0.15Ⅵ,其可育花粉为6.87%.研究结果表明了4种栽培棉种之间的亲缘关系相对较近,可以通过遗传重组产生综合有4个栽培棉种性状的新种质.
이면속사개재배면충진행충간잡교,산생(아주면×초면)화(륙지면×해도면)2개이원잡충F1급기[(아주면×초면)×(륙지면×해도면)]사원잡충F1,관찰화측정4개재배면충급기2개이원잡충F1화사원잡충F1적화분모세포(PMC)감수분렬적염색체행위급기화분생활력,이연구4개재배면충간적친연관계화진화관계.결과표명,이원잡충(아주면×초면)F1적PMC감수분렬중기Ⅰ출현일개사체배,기여위이개체,염색체구형위2n=26=11Ⅱ+1Ⅳ;화분생활력적측정표명,(아주면×초면)F1가육형화분위50.71%,표현위전형적배자반불육특성,설명량개이배체면충간발생일차염색체역위.(륙지면×해도면)F1이26개이개체세포위주,단유소량적단개체、삼개체이급사개체,염색체구형위2n=52=0.78 Ⅰ+22.24Ⅱ+0.94Ⅲ+0.98Ⅳ.화분생활력적측정표명,(륙지면×해도면)F1가육형화분위54.84%,가견2개사배체면충간친연관계교근,이자지간부발생료염색체적역위혹도위.이유4개재배충합성적사원잡충F1,기감수분렬이상,염색체주실현상보편,부분염색체불능련회배대,이단개체적형식존재,병출현삼개체、사개체、오개체등다개체,염색체구형위2n=52=5.45 Ⅰ+14.41Ⅱ+2.44Ⅲ+1.59Ⅳ+0.63Ⅴ+0.15Ⅵ,기가육화분위6.87%.연구결과표명료4충재배면충지간적친연관계상대교근,가이통과유전중조산생종합유4개재배면충성상적신충질.
Interspescific hybridization among four cultivated species in Gossypium ( G. herbaceum, G. arboreum, G. hirsutum and G. barbadense) were carried out to produce dispecific hybrids F1 , ( G. arboreum × G. herbaceum) F1 and ( G. hirsutum × G. barbadense) F1 ,and quadrispecific hybrid F1 ,which was produced by crossed the chromosome doubled ( G. arboreum × G. herbaceum) F1 with ( G. hirsutum × G. barbadense) F1. in order to study the evolution relationship among the four cultivated species in Gossypium,the characteristic of chromosome behavior during the meiosis and pollen viability in those interspecific hybrids F1 were studied in this paper.The results showed that the diploid interspecific hybrid, ( G. arboreum × G. herbaceum) F1, had a four-chromosome-ring,the chromosome configuration was 2n = 26 = 11 Ⅱ + 1 Ⅳ. And the normal pollen percent was 50.71% ,which showed the character of typical gamete semi-sterility,and approved that there was a chromosome translocation between the two diploid cotton species, G. arboreum and G. herbaceum. For the allotetraploid species interspecific hybrid F1, ( G. hirsutum × G. barbadense) F1, most of the chromosomes at metaphase Ⅰ could be paired into bivalents,with a few number of univalents,trivalents,and quardrivalents. The chromosome configuration was 2n =52 =0.78 Ⅰ +22.24 Ⅱ +0.94 Ⅲ +0. 98Ⅳ ,with a normal pollen rate of 54.84%. The experiment showed that there were a few chromosome translocation or chromosome inversion between the two alIotetraploid cotton species, G. hirsutum and G. barbadenses. The meiosis of the quardrispecific hybrid F1 was abnormal,and the loss of chromosomes was common. Most of the chromosomes could not synapse at metaphase I,which led to many univalents and some multivalents. The chromosome configuration of the quardrispecific hybrid F1 was 2n =52 =5.45 Ⅰ + 14.41 Ⅱ +2.44 Ⅲ + 1. 59Ⅳ +0.63Ⅴ +0. 15Ⅵ ,and the normal pollen rate was 6.87% ,which showed that the relationship of four cultivated cotton species was relatively closed. It is possible to produce a new germplasm with the good characters of the four cultivated species through genetic recombination.