CAJ | 학술논문

2006年11月1～23日,我们在西藏羌塘自然保护区北部和青海可可西里保护区进行了一次长达1 692 km的野生动物调查,此次调查所覆盖的区域均为无人区,海拔在4 800～5 200 m之间.本次调查显示,冬季该荒漠/高山草原区域内,藏羚羊(Pantholops hodgsoni) 是分布最多的有蹄类物种.在全长1 692 km,宽2 km的样线上,共记录到5 999只藏羚羊.在每个分区内的密度各不相同,从0.03/km2到9.21/km2, 平均为1.77只/km2.在调查期间,明显的雄性个体群平均为6.3只/群,雌性个体群平均为6.4只/群,同时我们也记录到了100只以上的雌雄集合群.由此可见,藏羚羊正进入冬季的交配期,在一些区域出现了集中分布的现象.我们依然不清楚这些开始集中的雌性藏羚羊分别来自哪几个迁徙种群,和各个产仔地的明确关系,以及雄性藏羚羊又来自哪些区域.相比较而言,在同一纬度区域内其它有蹄类物种的密度相对较低,只有当向东进入可可西里之后才有所上升.其中,在可可西里保护区记录到的野牦牛(Bos grunniens)占总数的73%(n=977),藏野驴(Equus kiang)占48%(n=527)以及藏原羚(Gazella picticaudata)占95%(n=146).西藏的羌塘北部地区对于藏羚羊是重要的冬季分布区,而可可西里地区不仅是几个藏羚羊种群重要的产仔地,同时也是一个重要的野牦牛种群的避难所.另外,本文还讨论了青藏公路东部有人区内的野生动物和草场的情况.在该区域内,已出现多个保护野生动物和自然环境的保护组织.
2006년11월1～23일,아문재서장강당자연보호구북부화청해가가서리보호구진행료일차장체1 692 km적야생동물조사,차차조사소복개적구역균위무인구,해발재4 800～5 200 m지간.본차조사현시,동계해황막/고산초원구역내,장령양(Pantholops hodgsoni) 시분포최다적유제류물충.재전장1 692 km,관2 km적양선상,공기록도5 999지장령양.재매개분구내적밀도각불상동,종0.03/km2도9.21/km2, 평균위1.77지/km2.재조사기간,명현적웅성개체군평균위6.3지/군,자성개체군평균위6.4지/군,동시아문야기록도료100지이상적자웅집합군.유차가견,장령양정진입동계적교배기,재일사구역출현료집중분포적현상.아문의연불청초저사개시집중적자성장령양분별래자나궤개천사충군,화각개산자지적명학관계,이급웅성장령양우래자나사구역.상비교이언,재동일위도구역내기타유제류물충적밀도상대교저,지유당향동진입가가서리지후재유소상승.기중,재가가서리보호구기록도적야모우(Bos grunniens)점총수적73%(n=977),장야려(Equus kiang)점48%(n=527)이급장원령(Gazella picticaudata)점95%(n=146).서장적강당북부지구대우장령양시중요적동계분포구,이가가서리지구불부시궤개장령양충군중요적산자지,동시야시일개중요적야모우충군적피난소.령외,본문환토론료청장공로동부유인구내적야생동물화초장적정황.재해구역내,이출현다개보호야생동물화자연배경적보호조직.
We surveyed wildlife along a 1 692 km transect of uninhabited terrain in the northern Qiangtang Nature Reserve of Tibetan Autonomous Region (TAR) and the Kekexili Nature Reserve of Qinghai from 1-23 November, 2006. The Tibetan antelope (chiru) (Pantholops hodgsoni) was the most abundant ungulate in this desert and alpine steppe at 4 800-5 200 m. We tallied 5 999 chiru within a 2 km strip (1 km on either side of our travel route) or 1.77 chiru/km2and with a local variation of 0.03-9.21/km2. Chiru in TAR appeared to have congregated at some sites for the December rut. It remains unclear to which migratory population these females belong and where they calve and where the males are at other seasons. Mean size of male herds was 6.3 and of female herds 6.4 but large aggregations with 100 or more animals of both sexes were also observed. The young: female ratio varied from 37-42∶100. We observed low densities of other ungulates in both TAR and western Kekexili but they increased in the eastern Kekexili where habitat conditions were less severe. Of the total number of wild yak (Bos grunniens) in the transet, 73% (n=977) were in eastern Kekexili, as were 48% (n=527) of kiang (Equus kiang), and 95% (n=146) of Tibetan gazelle (Gazella picticaudata). The northern Qiangtang is an important winter area for chiru, and Kekexili is critical for conservation both as a calving ground for several chiru populations and as a refuge for a substantial wild yak population. Several communities inhabited by pastoralists, east of the Golmud-Lhasa highway, have initiated wildlife conservation programs.