CAJ | 학술논문

采用田间试验研究了氮肥减量后移对土壤氮素供应和夏玉米氮素吸收利用的影响.结果表明,与农民习惯施肥(N 240 ks/hm~2,基肥和大喇叭口追肥为1:2)相比,氮肥减量后移(N 168 kg/hm~2,基肥、大喇叭口肥和吐丝肥为1:3:1)处理的产量、植株干物质积累量、植株氮积累量和积累速率均没有降低,而氮肥利用率显著增加.氮肥减量后移可使耕层无机氮供应较好地与作物吸收同步,降低收获期0-100 cm土层硝态氮积累,减少氮素的田间表观损失.基于夏玉米不同生育阶段的氮素吸收特征进行氮肥减量后移可节省氮肥30%,是较为理想的氮素施用方式.
채용전간시험연구료담비감량후이대토양담소공응화하옥미담소흡수이용적영향.결과표명,여농민습관시비(N 240 ks/hm~2,기비화대나팔구추비위1:2)상비,담비감량후이(N 168 kg/hm~2,기비、대나팔구비화토사비위1:3:1)처리적산량、식주간물질적루량、식주담적루량화적루속솔균몰유강저,이담비이용솔현저증가.담비감량후이가사경층무궤담공응교호지여작물흡수동보,강저수획기0-100 cm토층초태담적루,감소담소적전간표관손실.기우하옥미불동생육계단적담소흡수특정진행담비감량후이가절성담비30%,시교위이상적담소시용방식.
Field experiment was conducted to investigate effects of reducing and postponing N application on soil N supply,plant N uptake and utilization of summer maize.The results show that N accumulation rate is increased under the reducing and postponing N application(N 168 ks/ha,1/5 basal,3/5 topdressing at stalk enlongation stage and 1/5 topdressing at silking stage,respectively)compared with farmers'practice(N 240 ks/ha,1/3 basal and 2/3 topdressing at booting stage,respectively),while N use efficiency,dry biomass accumulation,yield and N accumulation amount are not decreased.Moreover,the reducing and postponing N application can improve synchronization of soil N supply and crop demand during the maize growth stages,decrease NO_3~--N accumulation of O-100 cm soil profile,and reduce field apparent N loss at maturity.Therefore,the reducing and postponing N application based on summer maize N uptake at different growth stages is a feasible N management practice,and nitrogen fertilizer could be saved by 30% as compared with farmers'practice.