CAJ | 학술논문

在每公顷产9000 kg小麦的高产条件下,以济麦22为试验材料,设置全生育期不灌水(W0)、底墒水(W1)、底墒水+拔节水(W2)、底墒水十拔节水+开花水(W3)、底墒水+开花水(W4)5个灌溉处理,每次灌水60 mm.研究了灌水量和时期对高产小麦氮素积累、分配和转运及土壤硝念氮含量的影响.结果表明:1)与不灌水处理(W0)相比较,灌水处理显著增加了小麦植株氮素积累量、子粒氮素积累量和开花后营养器官氮素向子粒的转移量;随着灌水量的增加,成熟期小麦植株氮素积累量、开花后营养器官积累的氮素向小麦子粒转移量和转移率均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,以W2处理最高.2)随着小麦生育进程的推进,0-200 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量先降低后回升再降低,在拔节期最低.成熟期,W0处理0-40 cm土层的土壤硝态氮含量显著高于灌水处理;随灌水量的增加,100-160cm土层土壤硝态氮含量增加,W2处理显著低于W3和W4处理;160-200 cm土层的土壤硝态氮含量无显著差异.3)随灌水量的增加,氮素吸收效率、氮素收获指数和氮肥生产效率先增加后降低,W2处理最高;而氮素利用效率则呈逐渐降低趋势,其中W0处珲的氮素利用效率显著高于其他处理,W2、W3、W4处理间无显著差异.在本试验条件下,综合考虑氮素利用、子粒产量和土壤中硝态氮的淋溶,底墒水和拔节水各灌60 mm的W2为最佳处理,可供生产中参考.
재매공경산9000 kg소맥적고산조건하,이제맥22위시험재료,설치전생육기불관수(W0)、저상수(W1)、저상수+발절수(W2)、저상수십발절수+개화수(W3)、저상수+개화수(W4)5개관개처리,매차관수60 mm.연구료관수량화시기대고산소맥담소적루、분배화전운급토양초념담함량적영향.결과표명:1)여불관수처리(W0)상비교,관수처리현저증가료소맥식주담소적루량、자립담소적루량화개화후영양기관담소향자립적전이량;수착관수량적증가,성숙기소맥식주담소적루량、개화후영양기관적루적담소향소맥자립전이량화전이솔균정현선증가후강저적추세,이W2처리최고.2)수착소맥생육진정적추진,0-200 cm토층토양초태담함량선강저후회승재강저,재발절기최저.성숙기,W0처리0-40 cm토층적토양초태담함량현저고우관수처리;수관수량적증가,100-160cm토층토양초태담함량증가,W2처리현저저우W3화W4처리;160-200 cm토층적토양초태담함량무현저차이.3)수관수량적증가,담소흡수효솔、담소수획지수화담비생산효솔선증가후강저,W2처리최고;이담소이용효솔칙정축점강저추세,기중W0처혼적담소이용효솔현저고우기타처리,W2、W3、W4처리간무현저차이.재본시험조건하,종합고필담소이용、자립산량화토양중초태담적림용,저상수화발절수각관60 mm적W2위최가처리,가공생산중삼고.
Irrigation is one of the most important measures to regulate plant metabolism in winter wheat ( Triticum aes-tivum L. ). However, unsuitable irrigation will cause the decline of nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield. To determine the effects of irrigation amount and stage on nitrogen accumulation, distribution, translocation and soil NO_3~- -N content under the condition of high yield at the level of 9000 kg per hectare, the field experiment was carried out on high fertility soil with organic matter 15.20 g/kg, alkali-hydrolysable N 77.13 mg/kg, available P 29.70 mg/kg, and available K 121.58 mg/kg in Shiwang village, Yanzhou city, Shandong province, China, using the wheat cultivar Jimai 22 which has high yield and medium gluten potential. Five treatments were set with no irrigation (WO), irrigated before sowing (W1), irrigated before sowing and at jointing stage, respectively (W2) ,irrigated before sowing, at jointing and anthesis stages, respectively (W3), irrigated before sowing and at anthesis stage, respectively (W4). The irrigation amount each time was 60 mm. There were three replicates for each treatment. The plot area was 2 m×6 m and a 1 m wide protective belt was left between every two adjacent experimental plots. The basic seedling number was 180 plant/m~2. The results indicated that, the nitrogen accumulation amount in plant and grain and the nitrogen translocation amount (nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs at anthesis stage--nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs at maturity,NTA) from vegetative organs to grain after anthesis in treatments which irrigation were supplied were significantly higher than those of treatment WO. With the increasing of irrigation amount, the nitrogen accumulation amount of wheat plant,NTA and nitrogen translocation efficiency (NTA/nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs at antbesis stage, TE) from vegetative organs to grain after anthesis were increased at first then decreased, and those of treatment W2 were the highest. The soil NO_3~- -N content in 0-200 cm soil layer decreased first, increased then, and decreased again as wheat growth process progress, and reached its lowest content at jointing stage. At maturity stage, the soil NO_3~- -N content in 0- 40 cm soil layer of treatment W0 was significantly higher than that of treatments which irrigation were supplied. With the increasing of irrigation amount, the soil NO_3~--N content in 100-160 cm soil layer was increased, that of treatment W2 was significantly lower than treatment W3 and W4, and there were no significant differences in 160-200 cm soil layer among these treatments. With the increasing of irrigation amount, nitrogen uptake efficiency, nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen fertilizer productive efficiency were increased at first then decreased, and those of treatment W2 were the highest. But nitrogen use efficiency was gradually decreased, and that of treatment W0 was the highest while there was no significant difference among treatment W2, W3 and W4. Based on a comprehensive consideration of nitrogen use efficiency, grain yield and soil NO_3~--N content, the irrigation amount and stage recommended under the condition of this research was the treatment W2 which irrigated before sowing and at jointing stage respectively, the irrigation amount each time was 60 mm.